1. Introduction to Biology II Biology 1312 Dr. Brad Hoge Spring 2007 The Chemical Nature Of Life

3. Basic Chemistry Atoms (Elements) –Protons –Neutrons –electrons Ions Isotopes

4. Periodic Table of the Elements

5. Chemical Bonds Molecules (Compounds) –Ionic bonds –Covalent bonds

6. Solutions Polar Covalent Bonds Simple Ions Complex Ions

7. Periodic Table of Elements and Their Ions

8. Other Properties of Water Cohesion Adhesion Surface Tension Specific Heat Specific Gravity

9. Chemical Reactions Acid-Base Reactions pH Buffers –Ocean –Blood

10. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidation Reduction Examples –Photosynthesis –Respiration –Combustion

11. Organic Chemistry Carbon

12. Hydrocarbons Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane

13. Polymers Synthetic Polymers Natural Polymers Functional Groups

14. Carbohydrates Simple Sugars –Glucose Complex Sugars –Disaccharides –Polysaccharides Starch Cellulose

15. Lipids Fats Oils –Saturated Fats –Monounsaturated Fats –Polyunsaturated Fats

16. Phospholipids Phospholipid Bilayers Soap

17. Hormones Cholesterol Caffeine Theobromine

18. Proteins Polypeptide Chains Amino Acids

19. Primary Structure Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure Denaturation Enzymes

20. Nucleic Acids RNA –Ribose sugar –Nucleic acid bases Pyrimidines –Cytosine –Uracil Purines –Adenine –Guanine DNA –deoxyribose sugar –Nucleic acid bases Pyrimidines –Cytosine –Thymine Purines –Adenine –Guanine

21. Protein Synthesis Codons Anticodons mRNA tRNA rRNA