1. World War I

2. “How did a single shot from an unknown student terrorist” start the war to end all wars? Why did the US enter the War? As the conflict drags on, how does the US find itself taking sides? Why does this present a problem? What is at the heart of the debate over US involvement in the war? What does the American public say about this?

3. America Enters the War Wilson was narrowly reelected in 1916 as his supporters emphasized "he kept us out of war" 1917- Germany Resumes Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 1917- Zimmerman Telegraph 1917 Wilson asks Congress to declare the “war to end all wars” Congress Declares War on April 6 1917

4. From the map on 261 – Who were the Central Powers? Who were the Allied Powers?

6. Map Activity In groups of 2/3 students Draw in the Allied and Central Powers Map the Most important events of the “outbreak of War” and “Western Front” http://www.vox.com/a/world-war-i-maps http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/maps_western.html http://www.norwalk- city.k12.oh.us/static/blizzard/two/NOHS_Lee_WH.pdf

7. How does industrialization play a role in World War I? (264) What is total war?

19. Effects Today Europe’s Landscape is still scared http://www.theatlantic.com/static/infocus/wwi/century/

20. The Home Front What groups opposed the war? For what reasons? How did the Wilson administration mobilize the home front. Be sure to address the Committee on Public information, The Espionage Act and taxes?

24. Espionage Act (1917) To convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. This was punishable by death or by imprisonment for not more than 30 years or both. To convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States Chelsea (Bradley) Manning was charged for releasing information to Wikileaks in 2013

25. Sedation Act 1918 It forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt. Schenck v. United States 1919 unanimously upheld the law saying the government could restrict speech if "clear and present danger" is present standard remains the test of criminal prosecutions Eugene Debs arrested in 1918

27. Wilson 14 points I Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

28. Wilson 14 points III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

29. Wilson 14 points V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.

30. Wilson 14 points VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations... VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored…

31. Wilson 14 points IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality. X. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

32. Wilson 14 points XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea.. XII. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life …

33. Wilson 14 points XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations… XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

34. Treaty of Versailles Reparations Assessed from Germany In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion Marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US $442 billion or UK £284 billion in 2015). League of nations Created Voted Down by the United Stateds