1. Chapter 1: People, Politics, and Participation Mr. McCall’s AP Government

2. 1 - 2 Why Should You Study American Democracy Now? Politics practiced today is not the same as your parents’ brand of politics! What’s changed? Technology: communication & information World events: September 11, 2001, Afghanistan & Iraq Wars : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

3. 1 - 3 How Technology Has Changed Politics High speed computers, internet, micro-targeting & cellular technology Information sources: Facebook, Twitter, Internet- based news sites Campaigns: email, instant & text messaging, social networking sites Computers used to conduct elections & for government services Opportunities & challenges : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

4. 1 - 4 The Political Context Now 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq 1970s-2000- Increased cynicism, lower trust & efficacy, low voter turnout 2000 study of undergraduates: nearly two-thirds did not trust government to do right thing most of time (reflecting wider public views) : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

5. 1 - 5 The Political Context Now: Effect of 9/11 Increased trust in government Upsurge in patriotism Increased voluntarism Optimism for future But this faded as Iraq war/economy soured : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

6. 1 - 6 The Political Context Now Trust in government has declined But increased voter turnout among young in 2004 & 2008 & other forms of participation- internet & consumer power Wider individual & communal benefits of civic engagement: knowledge, communication, accountability, efficacy : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

7. Voter Turnout by Age, 2000-2012 1 - 7 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

8. 1 - 8 Civic Engagement: Acting on Your Views Civic engagement: Individual & collective actions designed to identify & address issues of public concern (e.g. volunteering, group involvement, campaigning) Political engagement: Citizen actions intended to solve problems through political means We focus on political engagement in this course Get involved! : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

9. 1 - 9 People, Politics, and Participation Where Do You Stand? I’m pretty interested in following local politics. a. Agree b. Disagree Source: “Trends in Political Values and Core Attitudes: 1987–2007,” http://people- press.org/reports/pdf/312.pdf, p. 49.http://people- press.org/reports/pdf/312.pdf : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

10. 1 - 10 What Government Does The key functions of government include: 1. To protect their sovereign territory and their citizenry and to provide national defense 2. To preserve order and stability 3. To establish and maintain a legal system 4. To provide services 5. To raise and spend money 6. To socialize new generations : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

11. 1 - 11 Types of Government  Monarchy Usually single ruler, a king or queen with absolute authority over a territory. However, most modern monarchies are constitutional monarchies  Oligarchy Elite few holds power  Democracy Supreme power of governance in hands of citizens. Most modern democracies are republics or representative democracies : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

12. 1 - 12 Types of Government  Totalitarian Government controls every aspects of their citizens’ lives e.g. North Korea  Authoritarian Government holds strong powers, but they are checked by other forces in society e.g. China & Cuba  Constitutionalism Government that is structured by law, and in which the power of government is limited : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

13. 1 - 13 The Origins of American Democracy Ancient Greeks developed concept of a democracy Citizens decided public issues in city-states based on majority rule But women and slaves not counted as citizens American democracy traces some of its roots to Judeo-Christian tradition and English common law & Protestant Reformation : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

14. 1 - 14 The Modern Political Philosophy of Hobbes and Locke Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)  Social contract between absolute sovereign and people. Sovereign provides protection while people relinquish rights John Locke, Two Treatises on Civil Government (1689)  Social contract. Government required to protect people’s natural rights in return for popular acceptance of governmental authority. Right of rebellion in absence of such protection : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

15. 1 - 15 The Modern Political Philosophy of Hobbes and Locke Popular sovereignty  From Jean-Jacques Rousseau: government is created by the people and depends on the people for the authority to rule Social contract theory  Individuals possess free will, the right of self- determination, and the ability to consent to be governed : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

16. 1 - 16 The Creation of the United States as an Experiment in Representative Democracy Logic behind rejection of divine right of kings: people could govern themselves Direct democracy: all citizens discuss and decide policy through majority rule Indirect democracy (representative democracy): a system in which citizens elect representatives who decide policies on behalf of their constituents : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

17. 1 - 17 Political Culture & American Values  Political Culture: the people’s collective beliefs and attitudes about government and the political process  Liberty Freedom from government interference in our lives and freedom to pursue happiness  Equality Notions of equality have evolved over time The struggle for equality continues today : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

18. 1 - 18 Political Culture & American Values  Capitalism An economic system in which the means of producing wealth are privately owned and operated to produce profits Pure vs. regulated capitalism Property ownership  Consent of the Governed Government’s power derives from consent of people  Individual, Family, and Community : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

19. 1 - 19 Ideology: A Prism for Viewing American Democracy  Liberalism Associated with the ideas of liberty and political equality Advocates change in the social, political, and economic realms to better protect the well-being of individuals and to produce equality in society Classic liberalism vs. modern liberalism : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

20. 1 - 20 Ideology: A Prism for Viewing American Democracy  Conservatism Recognizes the importance of preserving tradition Importance of order and stability Emphasis on individual initiative, rule of law, limited government authority, and free market : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

21. 1 - 21 Ideology: A Prism for Viewing American Democracy  Other Ideologies Socialism: an ideology that stresses economic equality, theoretically achieved when government or workers own means of production Libertarianism: government should take a “hands- off” approach in most matters  A Three-Dimensional Political Model Multidimensional scale measures people’s opinions on role of government in economy on one axis and their beliefs about personal freedom on second axis : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

22. 1 - 22 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

23. 1 - 23 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

24. 1 - 24 The Changing Face of American Democracy  A Population That Is Growing—and on the Move  An Aging Population  A Changing Complexion: Race and Ethnicity in the United States Today  Changing Households: American Families Today  Why the Changing Population Matters for Politics and Government : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

25. 1 - 25 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26. Population Distribution by County 1 - 26 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.

27. 1 - 27 The Aging U.S. Population, 2000-2050 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

28. 1 - 28 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

29. 1 - 29 Population by Race Since 1990 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

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31. 1 - 31 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

32. 1 - 32 : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

33. 1 - 33 People, Politics, and Participation Where Do You Stand? Should the government care for those who can’t care for themselves? a. Yes, it should. b. No, it shouldn’t. Source: “Trends in Political Values and Core Attitudes: 1987–2007,” http://people- press.org/reports/pdf/312.pdf.http://people- press.org/reports/pdf/312.pdf : Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw- Hill Education.