1. Slavery

2. On a sheet of notebook paper, answer the following questions about the given political cartoon: 1. O – Overview – What is the picture? What is going On? 2. P – Parts – Pick out 5 specific details 3. T – What is the title? If one is not listed, make one up that relates to picture 4. I – Interrelationship – look at the title, why did it get the title it has or why did you give it the title you did? 5. C – Conclusion – Of all the pictures I could have shown, why this one?

3. Development of Slavery in the New World Using Native Americans as slaves problematic African slaves were cheaper than indentured servants Colonists viewed blacks as inferior Slaves were servants for life South American Indians captured as slaves by Europeans

4. The Triangular Trade Involved Europe, Africa, and the Americas Raw Material Slaves Trade Goods

5. The Middle Passage Voyage of slaves from Africa to the New World Slaves tightly packed in ships’ holds Filthy conditions Disease outbreaks Some 20% died during the voyage to America Diagram of a tightly packed slave ship

6. How did the Triangular Trade work? Describe the voyage on the Middle Passage.

7. Slave Auctions Slaves “seasoned” Slaves auctioned in a manner similar to livestock Inspected by potential buyers “Grab and go” auctions Slave auctions such as the one depicted here were common in the colonial era and after the Revolutionary War

8. Slavery in the North The Northern economy was based on industry and factories. There were fewer farms; thus, fewer slaves needed. States pass laws abolishing slave trade However, many Northern whites still considered blacks inferior A slave being sold in New York, 1643

9. Why Slavery Flourished in the South Predominantly agricultural “King Cotton” becomes the only product grown on many plantations. Transformed the south into an international power. Plantation owners believe their success is due to slavery.

10. Slavery and the Cotton Gin Machine separates cotton “lint” from seeds Invented by Eli Whitney Made cotton production more efficient and profitable Increased need for slaves in the South

14. Explosion in Cotton Production

16. Why was slavery more widespread in the South than in the North? How did the cotton gin impact slavery in the South?

17. Southern Justifications for Slavery Traditional view about constitutional protection of property Religious, historical, economic justifications Many Southerners saw slavery as beneficial to slaves White “equality”

18. Life as a Slave Most slaves worked as agricultural laborers Some served as house servants and semi- skilled labor Slaves worked long hours in difficult conditions

19. Slave Family Life Slave marriages not legally recognized Families vulnerable to separation Slave children often put in separate cabins from parents

20. Slave Children Slave infant mortality rates high Children generally malnourished Children forced to work at an early age Most labor involved unskilled work “Picking Cotton on a Georgia Plantation” Note the children working side-by-side with the adults in the field.

21. Discipline of Slaves Slave owners used a range of punishments Denying passes to leave plantation Whipping Shackles and chains Imprisonment in private jails A few rewards existed –Some slaves given land to grow their own food

24. Describe at least 3 difficulties of slave life. What consequences and rewards were used to control slaves?

25. Impact of Religion on Slaves Both whites and blacks worshipped same God, but interpreted the Bible differently. –Slaves focused on messages of liberation or triumph in the face of obstacles. Spirituals: songs that gave them strength. –Also used as a secret communication in the field. –“Follow the Drinking Gourd” gave instructions for how to escape slavery. A religious revival meeting

26. Follow The Drinking Gourd When the Sun comes back And the first quail calls Follow the Drinking Gourd. For the old man is a-waiting for to carry you to freedom If you follow the Drinking Gourd. The riverbank makes a very good road. The dead trees will show you the way. Left foot, peg foot, traveling on, Follow the Drinking Gourd. The river ends between two hills Follow the Drinking Gourd. There's another river on the other side Follow the Drinking Gourd. When the great big river meets the little river Follow the Drinking Gourd. For the old man is a-waiting for to carry you to freedom If you follow the drinking gourd.

27. Runaway Slaves Escape extremely difficult Many runaways left family behind; relatives might be punished as retribution Recaptured slaves severely punished

28. Slave Revolts Slaves sometimes revolted against their masters to gain their freedom Revolts often made owners more fearful of and oppressive toward slaves Illustration depicting Nat Turner and other slaves plotting their revolt

29. Nat Turner’s Rebellion Most significant slave revolt Attacked and killed his owner and owner’s family Escaped and gathered 75 followers Killed approximately 60 whites before being captured and executed. Illustration depicting Nat Turner’s capture

30. What was the significance of religion in slave life? What was “Follow the Drinking Gourd”? Describe 2 ways slaves tried to break the cycle of slavery.

31. Backlash Against Revolts Slave owners tightened controls on slaves “Slave codes” gave free and enslaved African Americans even less rights.

32. Slaves not allowed to learn how to read or write. Couldn’t own personal property. Illegal to gather in groups outside of the home.

33. The Underground Railroad  Network of safe houses leading to freedom in the North  Leaders were called conductors  Houses were called stations.  Underground Railroad made escaping somewhat easier

35. Harriet Tubman Most famous “conductor” Nicknamed “Moses” An escaped slave herself, she returned over 20 times to help others. Southern slaveholders offered $40,000 for her capture

36. Levi Coffin Provided “safe haven” to thousands of slaves en-route North to freedom from the late 1820s through 1840s Considered the “President” of the Underground Railroad Supposedly depicted in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

37. The Abolitionist Movement Movement to end, or abolish, slavery in the US. Most support in the Northern states Began with religious groups, such as the Quakers Grew to include a diverse group of supporters. Broadsides such as this one helped promote the abolitionist cause

38. What was the result of the slave revolts? What was the Underground Railroad, and who were some of the participants? What is abolition?

39. Sojourner Truth Born a slave; escaped to freedom Became an outspoken abolitionist and women’s rights advocate Best known for her speech “Ain’t I A Woman?”

40. William Lloyd Garrison Joined anti-slavery effort at age 25 Founded The Liberator, an abolition newspaper, in 1831

41. Frederick Douglass Born a slave in 1818 Escaped from slavery, self-educated Became a renowned author and orator Advised President Lincoln during the Civil War

42. Name 2 abolitionists and describe how they contributed to the cause. Be sure to complete the 3 – 2 – 1