1. The New South? 1880-1900

2. The Solid South White, democrat rule White, democrat rule Entire former confederacy returns to democrats Entire former confederacy returns to democrats Legal methods to preventing black votes put in place. Legal methods to preventing black votes put in place.

3. Industrializing the South South is ripe for new industries. South is ripe for new industries. South falls to colonial status to northern economy. South falls to colonial status to northern economy. –North had capital –Resources flow north –Profits go north Most southerners remain in rural setting: sharecropping and tenant farming. Most southerners remain in rural setting: sharecropping and tenant farming.

4. Changes to Agriculture Tobacco and Rice returns Tobacco and Rice returns –James Duke invents cigarette machine Cotton Trap Cotton Trap –Cotton linked to credit –Crop liens: payment in cotton –Railroads charge high fees Farmers Response Farmers Response –Grange Movement –Southern Farmers Alliance –Colored Farmers Alliance –Populist Party 1892

5. The World of Jim Crow

6. Reconstruction Revisited Civil War Amendments Civil War Amendments –Abolishment of slavery –Defined citizenship. –Right to vote Civil Right Acts Civil Right Acts –Addressed segregation Reconstruction Acts Reconstruction Acts –KKK Act, Southern Homestead Act

7. The Failure of Reconstruction Rise of KKK. Redeemers gain power. Rise of KKK. Redeemers gain power. Most stuck in debt. Work for no real wages Most stuck in debt. Work for no real wages –Sharecropping –Crop lien laws Civil Rights Act of 1875 Unconstitutional Civil Rights Act of 1875 Unconstitutional Little enforcement of KKK Act Little enforcement of KKK Act Solid South Solid South –White democrats in local and national control. –Entire South vote democratic.

8. Race relations Late 1870s throughout 1880s relations were cordial. Late 1870s throughout 1880s relations were cordial. –Status quo in effect –Both suffered equally financially. By 1890s relations worsen. By 1890s relations worsen. –Why….. Lynching fueled by anger and resentment. Lynching fueled by anger and resentment. –More than 150 a year during the 1890s.

9. The World of Jim Crow Plessy v Fergusan 1896 Plessy v Fergusan 1896 –Plessy bought a first class ticket on purpose. –Issue is the 14 th amendment:equal protection. –Supreme Court ruling… By 1900 most public facilities segregated. By 1900 most public facilities segregated. –Restrooms, trains, restaurants, schools, parks, drinking fountains.

12. Disenfranchisement The legal removal of the black vote. Poll Tax. All southern states had one by 1908. Literacy Tests. 7 0f 11 ex-confederate states required it. Grandfather Clause. Help the whites.

13. National Response None really. None really. Racism existed in all areas of the country. Racism existed in all areas of the country. Northerners did not see treatment as a personal issue or immoral. Northerners did not see treatment as a personal issue or immoral. Popular literature reinforced stereotypes of African-Americans. Popular literature reinforced stereotypes of African-Americans. Republicans did not need the black vote from the South. Republicans did not need the black vote from the South.

14. African-American Response Booker T Washington Booker T Washington Former slave Former slave Advocated education is the key to gaining equal treatment. Advocated education is the key to gaining equal treatment. Civil Rights will be gradual. Civil Rights will be gradual. Blacks must build economic independence 1 st. Blacks must build economic independence 1 st. Tuskegee Institute Tuskegee Institute W.E.B. Dubois W.E.B. Dubois Born free. From the North. Born free. From the North. One of the founders of the NAACP One of the founders of the NAACP Civil Rights should come immediately. Civil Rights should come immediately. Litigation will be one of the main tactics. Litigation will be one of the main tactics.