1. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS, 1817-1825 Nationalism, Sectionalism, and the Presidents

2. REVIEW/PREVIEW  War of 1812-how did it end?  ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”: why choose a name like this? Guess  What is nationalism? What is sectionalism? Use Frayer Model/Venn Diagram to answer

3. DEFINED  Nationalism(n): loyalty or devotion to a nation, especially an attitude, feeling, or belief characterized by a sense of national consciousness; an exaltation of one nation above all others  Sectionalism (n): restriction of interest to a narrow sphere; undue concern with local interests or petty distinctions at the expense of general well-being.

5. NATIONALISM? SECTIONALISM? WHAT IS…

6. DIGITAL HISTORY READING 1. What president is associated with the Era of Good Feelings? 2. Why is it called the Era of Good Feelings? 3. How was the president a reflection of the era? GIVE EXAMPLES

8. PRESIDENT # 5 JAMES MONROE  Americans still feeling their Post-War Nationalism  Monroe’s Presidency is defined by this nationalism  Harmony in Politics:  Federalist Party is dead; ONE major political party (DRs)  Effects?

9. CULTURAL NATIONALISM  New group of voters: YOUNG  Past politicians concerns: Europe  New politicians concerns: Expansion  SURGE OF PATRIOTISM  Paintings of revolutionaries  Noah Webster’s Spelling book

10. ECONOMIC NATIONALISM  Post War of 1812: Great Britain sends cheap goods into the US; threatens US companies  Does this sound familiar?  Tariff of 1816  1 st Protective Tariff—created to protect US businesses  Usually opposed but passed because of NATIONALISM

11. ECONOMY: “AMERICAN SYSTEM” PROPOSAL 1. Protective Tariff 2. National Bank 3. Road / Canal Building ACTION 1. Tariff adopted 1816  Helps manufacturing, set at 20-25% 2. Bank of US in 1816  Provides currency 3. Internal Improvements  Promotes growth  National (Cumberland) Road  Erie Canal (1817/1825)

12. ECONOMIC NATIONALISM  The Second National Bank  First charter expired 1811; Banks free to print their own money (disaster!)  1816, Congress est. 2 nd National Bank; many opposed to using money for internal improvements  Transportation Bill: Congress wants to federal fund roads  Vetoed by Monroe and states pick it up

14. PANIC OF 1819  Fault of the 2 nd National Bank  Tightened credit to control inflation: failed!  Land speculation out of control in the West  Deteriorated relations w/ European Trade  Banks close, money deflates, unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt!  What would you do if you were President?  Come up with 3 policies you would employ to try and combat the problems that arose in 1819.

15. EFFECT OF PANIC OF 1819  Bank of US forecloses on large amounts of western lands  Postwar nationalism shaken  Political change: West calls for land reform and opposition to national bank

16. POLITICAL CHANGES  No Federalist Party by 1820  Republican Party changes:  Old Reps: limited government, strict interpretation  New Reps: adopted FEDERALIST ideas! Large army/navy, supporting a national bank (1816)  FLIP FLOPPING: reversed stances throughout Monroe’s presidency; sectionalism rising

17. JUDICIAL NATIONALISM Supreme Court Cases

18. JUDICIAL NATIONALISM DIRECTIONS: 1. Break into pairs 2. Create the following chart, then answer the questions in the packet McCulloch v. MarylandGibbons v. Ogden WHO? CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTION DECISION IMPACT on GOVT

19. M v. MG v. O Who? Chief Justice: John Marshall James W. McCulloch of the National Bank Branch of MD State of MD Ogden: Permission to run steamboat in NY waters granted by state of NY Gibbons: Permission to run steamboat in NY waters from Federal Gov’t Constitutional Question 1.Does Congress have the power to charter a national bank? (again) 2.Could a state place a tax on a federally chartered bank? Is it constitutional for both states and the federal government to regulate interstate commerce? DecisionSupreme Court ruled that a federal institution is supreme to state and states have no control over federal institutions Supreme Court ruled that only the federal government has control over interstate commerce Impact on Government STRENGTHENS S.C./National Government

20. REVIEW  List and explain 2 examples of events that strengthened nationalism in the United States during the Era of Good Feelings

21. DIPLOMATIC NATIONALISM 1. Rush-Bagot Treaty 2. Adam-Onis Treaty 3. Monroe Doctrine DECISION MAKERS  President: Monroe  Sect. of State: JQA  Advisor: Jefferson

22. RUSH-BAGOT TREATY  Treaty of Ghent: unresolved issues in Canada  1817: 1 st year of presidency  Disarmament Pact signed called the Rush-Bagot Treaty  Limited naval arming on Great Lakes  Longest unfortified boundary in the world

23. JACKSON INVADES FLORIDA  1818: Spain still has control of Florida  US runaway slaves escape to Spanish Florida  Native Americans retreat to Spanish Florida  Creek Indians travel to Florida to regroup and plan a new strategy for attack on Georgia  call themselves “Seminoles” meaning runaways  John C Calhoun, now Secretary of War to Monroe, authorizes military action against the Seminoles

25. ADAMS-ONIS TREATY  Jackson goes to Florida for the Seminoles  Destroys a few cities and removing the Governor (oops)  Spain is angry, Monroe is angry  Secretary of State JQA defends Jackson, claiming Spain wasn’t keeping order in Florida  Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819:  Spain gives all of Florida to the United States  Est. border between U.S. and “New Spain” (aka Mexico)

27. MONROE DOCTRINE  Spain’s colonies being to revolt  1824: Spain only has 3 island colonies left  Restoration of monarchies post-Napoleon  European nations of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia form the “Quadruple Alliance”  Suppress democracy in Europe  Also wants to help Spain get back lost colonies  Should America be worried? READ M.D.

28. MONROE DOCTRINE, EXPLAINED  1. Western Hemisphere was closed to further European exploration  2. US would not interfere with existing colonies under European power  3. The US would not interfere with internal affairs of any European power  4. Any attempt by Europe to intervene would be regarded as an act of aggression

30. SIGNIFICANCE?  How does the Monroe Doctrine impact American and European involvement in worldly affairs?  1. Proved nationalism in US yet again  2. America is officially becoming a world power  3. Isolation policy in effect  4. US can exert its influence without European interference…

31. REVIEW WITH A PARTNER Using Chapter 7 Section 2, explain the summary and significance of each event:  McCulloch v. Maryland  Gibbons v. Ogdon  Rush-Bagot Treaty  Adams-Onis Treaty  Monroe Doctrine

32. A CHANGING NATION Nationalism to Sectionalism

33. REVIEW QUESTIONS  What factors promoted a surge of nationalism post War of 1812?  What was Henry Clay’s “American System” and how did it introduce economic nationalism?  Explain the irony concerning the Republican Agenda as it relates to the Federalist period.  The Adams-Onis Treaty resulted in the US gaining what territory and from who?  What major ideas did the US establish with the Monroe Doctrine ?

34. POPULATION BOOM  1800-1825: Population Doubles. Why?  High birthrate  Immigrants from GB and Germany (1830s)  African American and Native American population growth  Rapid urban and western expansion

35. GROWTH OF INDUSTRY  Mechanical Inventions: patent laws provide incentives to created new machinery  Interchangeable parts; Whitley and Cotton Gin  Corporations raise $$$: businesses can now sell shares of stock  Factory System: stolen British factories + embargo + War of 1812 = growth of new factories  New England emerges as leading manufacturing center; Samuel Slater: textile factories  Labor and Unions  Lowell, MA: textile mills grow thanks to women and children working; then immigrants  Artisans can’t compete; argue to shorten working days to 10 hrs

36. CONNECTING THE NATION  Transportation Boom  Efficient networking: Roads!  1820s: most of the country’s big cities are connected  Canals: Erie Cana completed in 1825 connects N.E. to the West; all major lakes and rivers connected by mid 1830s  Steamboats: shipping and travel is cheaper  Railroads: late 1820/30s; a new way to carry goods long distances

37. TRANSPORTATION  Fill in your chart on Industry/Transportatio n using Chp 3 Sec. 1-2 in the ORANGE textbook

38. NATIONALISM TO SECTIONALISM Nationalism MATH PROBLEM: Growth of Cities Industrialization + Development of Capitalism INTERDEPENDENCE (farmers feed workers, workers provide goods) Sectional Problems? Regional differences: fast changing economy presents regional distinctions Women: getting jobs, but still legal and political restrictions Econ/Social Movement: gap between rich and poor growing Slavery: entrenched in the cotton industry

39. REASONS TO GO WEST? 1. New Land: provided after Native Americans were driven from lands 2. Economy: embargo and war in North East, new soil needed in South 3. Transportation: new roads to reach frontier 4. Immigrants: Europeans coming over; cheaper lands in the West FUTURE PROBLEMS?

40. NEW QUESTIONS/ISSUES  Focus on the West…  West=small populations  Western politicians: where do their loyalties lie?  Western States Support: 1. Easy Credit from state banks 2. Land made available at a low price 3. Improved transportation 4. WHAT ABOUT SLAVERY?

41. REGIONAL SECTIONALISM NorthWest  Industrial Northeast (New England)  Organized labor  Free African Americans  New Cities  Immigration  Native Americans  The Frontier  Women’s roles  Environmental damage South  Agriculture and King Cotton  The “Peculiar Institution”  Free African Americans vs. White Society  Southern Thought

42. SECTIONALLISM  (n): restriction of interest to a narrow sphere; concern with local/regional interests or distinctions at the expense of general (national) well-being.  What are some causes of sectionalism in the U.S. at this time? Make a prediction:  Regional Disputes-land differences, slavery  Protective Tariff/Second Bank Disputes  Internal Improvements-roads, canals, etc

43. SECTIONALISM  As Americans start to expand, there is a fragile balance of power between slave states and free states.  When new states enter the union, we want to maintain the balance…  Missouri Compromise

45. MISSOURI COMPROMISE BREAK DOWN  Applied to enter the union as a SLAVE state  Pre-Missouri: Slave States=11, Free States=11  Addition of a Slave State would give South control of Senate (North already had the house because of population)  Slavery Issue: “like a firebell in the night”-TJ  As president…what do you do?

46. THE COMPROMISE  Henry Clay  Maine is separated from Mass. to become a Free State  Missouri enters as a Slave State  All territory NORTH of 36,30’ parallel is closed to slavery

47. LIKE A FIREBELL IN THE NIGHT  Passed in 1820  Prohibits slavery NORTH of the parallel 36,30’ north, except in the new state of Missouri  This will not be permanent, “just a band aid on a gunshot wound”

51. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS End of the Era of Good Feelings

52. ELECTION OF 1824  Monroe leaves presidency after 2 terms  Warns about international interference (surprised?)  Who usually gets presidency? :Sect. of State  John Q. Adams v. 4 other Candidates Bye Monroe! Hello JQA?

53. ELECTIONS OF 1824  John Quincy Adams-R  Home State: MA  Andrew Jackson-R  Home state: TN  William Harrison Crawford-R  Home State: GA  Henry Clay-R  Home State: KY  John C. Calhoun-R (dropped)  What info is available to you?  What do you notice about these 4 candidates?  If you lived in NY, IL, or MS, what would you know about these candidates?  What policies or plans do you think these candidates are in favor of/against?  Who would you vote for and why?

54. ADAMS V. JACKSON  Adams’s Song:  “Little Know Ye Who’s Comin’”  https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=tnhBWckoTps https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=tnhBWckoTps  Jackson’s Song:  “Hunters of KY”  https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=7rFB2Pq19yU https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=7rFB2Pq19yU

55. SONG QUESTIONS…  How do the songs differ?  What mood does each song evoke?  What information does each song provide?  Using the lyrics, describe the character and potential of the two candidates.  Based on this additional information, how would you vote?  How did the songs influence your vote or change your original opinion?

56. ADAMS AND JACKSON: RESUMES John Adams: 1. Sect of State 2. Former minister to Russia 3. Drafted Treaty of Ghent 4. Outlined Monroe Doctrine 5. Adams-Onis Treaty 6. Backed merchant interests of New England 7. Son of former President 8. “Principle, not Popular” Andrew Jackson 1. General and War Hero of 1812 2. Battle of New Orleans 3. U.S. Representative and Senator 4. Complete opposite of Adams 5. “Down to earth” common 6. Accused of gambling, murder, dueling, adultery, and military tyranny

57. ELECTION OF 1824  What parties? ONLY ONE! (why?)  5 Republican Candidates…  Electoral College: Jackson, 99 votes; Adams, 84  No majority winner so it falls to the House…  Clay=Speaker of the House, HATES Jackson  Clay-Adams Alliance: Clay (KY) allies with Adams (NE) to secure his winning of the Presidency in return for becoming Sect. of State…CORRUPT BARGAINING  Potential effects? 2 Party System back in action  National Republicans (Whigs)-Adams/Clay  Democrats-Jackson

58. JQA’S PRESIDENCY: A MAN OF PRINCIPLE  One term president (following daddy’s footsteps)  Immediately torn down by Jackson  Favored strong federal economic policies like American System  Desired publically funded universities for research  Elitist

59. JQA  Very few ideas passed by Congress  Questioned dangers of democracy (GASP)  Refused to campaign-not a popularity contest, comes off as elitist  Overturned Creek Indian Treaty of 1825-returned lands to Indians (Gasp again) JQA’s wife Louisa was born outside of the US; dissenters used this to accuse him of being pro-British

60. POLITICAL CARTOON 1. Your cartoon must be on typing paper and in INK and COLORED 2. Your work will be assessed on the quality of your analysis as well as your artistic effort 3. Be prepared to share your work

61. POTENTIAL TOPICS!  Hartford Convention  Death of Federalist Party  Era of Good Feelings  The American System (or Key Components)  Adams-Onis Treaty  Monroe Doctrine  McCulloch v. Maryland  Gibbons v. Ogden  Missouri Compromise  Election of 1824  Corrupt Bargaining  Panic of 1819  Legacy of John Marshal