1. A New National Identity
Chapter 9
A New National Identity

2. Disputes with Great Britain
Border between Canada and the United States
Great Lakes
Both countries wanted fishing rights and their navies
Compromise:
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Convention of 1818: set the border at 49° N latitude all the way west to the Rocky Mts.

3. Disputes with Spain Argued over the border with Spanish Florida
Newly elected President, James Monroe:
Sent his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams to negotiate with the Spanish
Sent General Andrew Jackson to secure the border

4. First Seminole War Seminole Indians raided American towns
Assisted runaway slaves
Jackson invades Spanish held Florida
Captures most of the Spanish forts
Overthrows the governor of Florida
Was never authorized by President Monroe

5. Adam-Onis Treaty Jackson’s “invasion” convinced Spain to negotiate
The United States receives Florida in exchange for giving up its claims to Texas

6. Spanish Colonies Spanish colonies rebel
Men like Simon Bolivar “the Liberator” lead struggles for independence
These revolutions were similar to that of the 13 colonies and had a lot of public support from U.S. citizens
As Mexico (and others) became independent Monroe and Adams feared European interests in Latin America
During a speech Secretary of State John Quincy Adams implies U.S. support of the newly independent countries
He does however say that the United States would not fight their battles.
Great Britain was also concerned about European interference in Latin America
Why?

7. Monroe Doctrine Issued by President Monroe on December 2, 1823
Four Points:
The United States would not interfere in the affairs of European Nations
The United States would recognize, and not interfere with, European colonies that already existed in North and South America
The Western Hemisphere was to be off-limits to future colonization by any foreign power
The United States would consider any European power’s attempt to colonize or interfere with Nations in the Western Hemisphere to be a Hostile Act

8. Effects and Consequences of the Monroe Doctrine

9. Growing Nationalism What is nationalism? Henry Clay:
Feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation
Strongly supported by men like Henry Clay
Henry Clay:
Representative from Kentucky
Developed the American System

10. Infrastructure Roads: Canals: Dirt roads
How does this make travel dificult?
Government begins to create roads. What gives Congress this power
The Cumberland Road will eventually stretch from Cumberland, Maryland all the way to Illinois
Nations first “highways”
Canals:
Purpose?
Erie Canal
from Albany to Buffalo
Connected the Great Lakes with the east coast (NYC in particular)

11. Era of Good Feelings A time of peace, pride, and progress Peace:
Peace with England  growing friendship based on trade
Peace with Spain  to busy fighting aginst its rebellious colonies
Peace with France  devastated by the Napoleonic Wars
Pride:
Fought off the British during the War of 1812
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the nation
Acquired Florida from Spain
Progress:
Creation of roads and canals
Economy is booming  trade with Europe has increased due to large scale devastation as a result of the Napoleonic Wars
Large immigration from Europe provides the U.S. with a surplus of labor

12. Federal Government
Gains more power as a result of two Supreme Court Cases
McCulloch vs. Maryland:
1819
Court determined that Congress did have implied power. From Where?
In particular the power to create a national bank
Gibbons vs. Ogden:
Court determined that States could not interfere with the regulation of interstate commerce by Congress?

13. Growing Sectionalism
Sectionalism: disagreements between different regions
North vs. South
Free vs. Slave
Missouri applies to join the Union as a slave state
Disrupted the balance between slave and free states
11 free states vs. 11 slave states
Adding Missouri tips the balance in Congress. How?

14. Missouri Compromise

15. Missouri Compromise Settled the conflict Passed in 1820
Three main conditions:
Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state.
Maine would join the Union as a free states
Slavery is prohibited in any new territories north of 36°30’ latitude, this would also be Missouri’s southern border