1. CPR/AED

2. Bell Ringer
What is CPR?
What is an AED?

3. Cardiac Emergencies and CPR
Cardiac emergencies are life threatening
Heart attack and cardiac arrest are major causes of illness and death in the US
Performing CPR or using AED immediately after a person goes into cardiac arrest can greatly increase his or her chance of living

4. The Heart
The heart beats more than 3 billion times in an average lifetime
Size of a fist
Lies between the lunges in the middle of the chest
Pumps bloods throughout the body
Rib, breastbone, and spine protects it from injury

5. Heart Attack Blood flow is reduced causing chest pain
Usually caused by coronary heart disease
When blood and oxygen is reduced, a heart attack may result

6. What to look for Heart attack may be indicated by common signals
Each heart attack may not show the same signals
You should be able to recognize the following signals:
Chest pain, discomfort, or pressure
Discomfort in other areas of the upper body in addition to the chest
Trouble breathing
Pale or ashen skin
Sweaty or damp
Dizzy or lightheaded

7. When to 9-1-1
Key signal of a heart attack is persistent chest pain or discomfort
The person may deny the symptoms but do not let them influence you

8. What do to until help arrives
Most people die of a heart attack within 2 hours of the first signal
Early treatment with certain medications (aspirin) can help minimize damage to the heart after the heart attack
You should:
Call 9-1-1
Have the person rest comfortably
Loosen any tight clothing
Closely watch the person
Be prepared to perform CPR

9. Cardiac Arrest
Occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs
The beats of the heart become ineffective if they are weak and irregular
When the heart stops, the body cannot survive
Without oxygen, brain damage begins within 4-6 minutes and after 10 minute its irreversible
The person is unconscious and not breathing
Results from drowning, choking, drug abuse, severe injury and brain damage

10. Cardiac chain of survival
CPR alone may not be enough to help someone survive
A person in cardiac arrest will have the greatest chance of survival if you follow the four link:
Early recognition and early access to EMS
Early CPR
Early AED
Early advanced medical care
Each minute that CPR is delayed, chance for survival is reduced

11. CPR for Adults
To determine an unconscious adults needs CPR follow the 3 C’s
Check- scene and person
Call
Care- check for breathing for 10 seconds, if not breathing give CPR
If person is not breathing, give CPR
To be effective, the person should be on his or her back, firm and flat surfaces

12. Performing CPR for an Adult and Child
Kneel beside the person’s chest
Place hands in position, arm and elbows are straight and shoulders directly over your hands
Place the heel of your hand on their breastbone
The other hand is directly on top of the first hand
Keep fingers off the chest
Give 30 chest compressions
Push hard and fast
Count 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and so on
Push down on sternum at least 2 inches

13. Once 30 compression are given, open the airway using the head-tilt left technique and give 2 breaths
Each breath should last 1 second and make the chest rise
Tilt head back and lift chin up
Pinch nose shut and compete a seal around the person’s mouth

14. When to Stop CPR
Once you begin CPR, do not stop except in one of these situations:
Obvious signs of life
An AED is available and ready to use
Another trained responder or EMS takes over
Too exhausted to continues
The scene becomes unsafe

15. Performing CPR for an infant
One hand on forehand to maintain airway
Use the pads of two or three fingers of other hand to give chest compressions on center of chest (below nipple line)
30 compressions about 1.5 inches deep
2 rescue breath covering nose and mouth with your mouth
One hand on forehand to maintain airway
Use the pads of two or three fingers of other hand to give chest compressions on center of chest (below nipple line)
30 compressions about 1.5 inches deep
2 rescue breath covering nose and mouth with your mouth

16. AED

17. AED precautions Do not use alcohol to wipe the chest
Do not use the pad that are for adults on children younger than 8
Do not use pediatric AED Pads on and adult of child above 8 yrs. Old
Do not touch the person while AED is analyzing
Do not use on someone who is in contact with water
Do not use on someone who has a nitroglycerin patch or other medical patch on

18. AED on Adults/Children
Turn on the AED
Expose the person’s chest and wipe the chest dry
Apply AED pads
Upper right chest
Left side of chest
Plug the connector into the AED
Let AED analyze
If AED advises that a shock is need
No one touching
Say EVERYONE, STAND CLEAR
Deliver shock
After delivering the school, perform 2 minutes of CPR and than continue with AED

19. AED on Infants Make sure the pads are not touching
If so, place one pad in the middle of chest and the other on the back between shoulders

20. https://youtu.be/YpJsL22xfKA

21. Special AED situations
Some situation may required to pay special attention when using the AED
Around water
Implantable devices
Transdermal patches
Hypothermia
Trauma
Jewelry

22. AED around water Remove person from water Remove wet clothing
Dry chest off

23. Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Theses deceives are located in the person upper left collar bone area
Small lump under skin
DO NOT place pads over the implant
It will interfere with the shock

24. Medication patches
Remove the patch with a glove before using AED

25. Hypothermia
Hypothermia- a life threatening condition in which the entire body cools because its ability to keep warm fails
DO NOT shake the person, it can case V-fib

26. Exit Slip
How many compression and breaths are needed in CPR on an adult, child and infant?
What are the steps to using a AED?