1. Population Geography I The Where and Why of Population Density Distribution Demographics (Characteristics) Dynamics

2. World Population

3. Density of World Population

4. Select Population Densities (people/mi 2 ) Lower 48 states 94.7 NJ 1134 Lincoln Co., NV 0.4 Manhattan 66,834 Wisconsin 98.8 Eau Claire Co. 146 Florence Co. 10.4 Milwaukee Co. 3885

5. High density in Bangladesh

6. Distribution: Why do we live where we live?

7. Population Distribution in North America

8. Trans-Siberian railroads in eastern Russia Omsk

9. Characteristics Ascribed –Gender –Race –Age Achieved –Education –Income –Occupation –Employment –Etc.

10. Census: Count of population and its characteristics

11. Dynamics Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) Births - Deaths = RNI

12. National population Births - Deaths + Immigration (in) -Emigration (out) = Population growth

13. Population increase and decrease

14. World Birth Rate (births per 1,000 population)

15. Doubling Time Number of years it will take for population to double, at current rate United States: 117 years Nicaragua: 21 years

16. World Death Rate (deaths per 1,000 population)

17. Epidemics (AIDS)

18. Infant mortality rate (deaths of infants <1 year old) Lack of maternal health care or child nutrition

19. Life Expectancy at Birth

20. Dependents are under 15 & over 65 How many are supported by 15-65 group Problems? Dependency Ratio

21. AGE DYNAMICS

22. Low birth and death rates in Core Low population growth (except immigration) Steadily older population “Graying of the Core”

23. Population Pyramid tracks age-sex groups (cohorts)

24. U.S. (slow growth)

25. Tanzania, Africa (rapid growth)

26. Denmark (zero growth)

27. Germany (effect of wars)

28. Japan (effect of war)

29. China (One-child policy)

30. Sun City (Arizona) retirement community

32. Demographic Transition Move from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates Took centuries of development for Core (highly developed countries to make transition More difficult for Periphery (LDCs) to make transition without its own capital, skills, education

33. Demographic Transition

34. Stages of Demographic Transition 1. Pre-Industrial Equilibrium (high birth/death rates) 2. Early Industrialization (better sanitation) 3. Developed industrialization (better health care) 4. Post-Industrial Equilibrium (low birth/death rates) 1234

35. Demographic Transition in Denmark HDC (low birth/death rates)

36. Demographic Transition in Chile Developing

37. Demographic Transition in Cape Verde, Africa Lesser Developed (high birth/death rates)

38. POPULATION GROWTH

40. Population growth in Periphery: Cause or symptom of poverty and environmental degradation?

41. Fertility Rate (# children per woman of childbearing age)

42. Not confirmed in reality Malthus Theory of “Overpopulation”

43. Ehrlich Theory of “Population Bomb” Population growth would deplete resources –Can be true on local/national level Treats population as cause

44. HDC responsibility for LDC growth HDCs consumes far more resources Demands cheap, unskilled young labor Population growth is a symptom of poverty

45. Why parents in LDCs have kids Better chance for one kid to survive Bring in the crops and income Help parents in old age Women often lack power to not have kids

46. Women’s empowerment: Contraception Rates

47. Policies to lower birth rate Voluntary –Availability of birth control –Incentives for small families Forced –One-child policy (China) –Coercive “population control” Social –Empowerment of women –Better health care and education –End to child labor –Social security