1. Understanding Population Pyramids
Bar graph displaying age and gender providing geographers with a visual to assess a country’s population traits
Sex ratio, dependency ratio, age distribution, connection to demographic transition

2. What can we say about a country using Pyramids?
Dependency ratio – burden of old/young
Governmental spending/population needs like hospitals, birth centers, day cares, retirement homes
Decimation from war, disease, famine
Guest workers, economic activity (oil refineries, military bases
Gender inequality
Country comparison for fertility rates, mortality rates, healthcare, technology

3. Has not truly been acknowledged
Demographic Transition has 4 stages in our studies. Hypothetical talk of 5th, no country at stage 1

4. Population Pyramids
DTM Stage 2 DTM Stage DTM Stage 4 1

5. Comparisons Wide base narrow top = stage 2 DTM (candy corn)
Wide top narrower base = stage 4 DTM (kitkat)

6. Thickening middle = stage 3 DTM (Hershey Kiss)
Comparisons
Thickening middle = stage 3 DTM (Hershey Kiss)

7. Guess stage and describe how shape told you so?

8. 1

9. What will the pyramid look like in 2025? 2050?1

10. No Growth 1

11. Age Dependency Ratio 1

12. 4 3 5 2 1 1

13. Analysis of Italy’s Population Pyramid
1. Decline in Birth Rate
2. Baby Boom
3. Fewer men due to World War I and II
4. More women due to: a. longer life expectancy and b. World Wars (I and II)
5. More yrs than 0-4 yrs. Signs of a future worker shortage and an overall declining population. 1

14. Aging population…
…declining birth rate 1

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18. Mammoni: “Mama’s Boy” 1

19. How is this population pyramid different from Italy’s?1

20. Population Pyramids at Different Scales
Country
State
County (Borough)

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25. 1

26. ACTIVITY for Selected Population Pyramids in the United States

27. Can you analyze these? 1

28. A. Ann Arbor, MI - University of Michigan
Helpful Hints…
A. Ann Arbor, MI - University of Michigan
B. Buffalo county, SD - Crow Creek Indian Reservation, one of the
poorest counties in the United States
C. Punta Gorda, FL - retirement community
D. Leavenworth, KS - United States Penitentiary
E. Manhattan, NYC - wealthy downtown, few large families
F. Nothhamton, MA - Smith College, an all girls college
G. Fort Bragg, NC - United States Army Fort
H. Springfield, IL - average American city 1

29. Answers
1. B
2. A
3. E
4. C
5. G
6. H
7. F
8. D 1

30. Population Pyramids for Selected Countries
Complete rest of powerpoint on your own 1

31. Guest Workers, mainly from South Asia
Saudi Arabia has a similar pyramid, same reason 1

32. Guest Workers from India in the Persian Gulf Countries 1

33. Post War Baby Boom and Declining Birth Rate1

34. 1

35. Declining Birth Rate, Emigration, War1

36. Stable Population Growth1

37. Slow Decline 1

38. High Birth and Death Rates1

39. “Although the Comoros is a poor country, extreme manifestations of poverty such as famine or homelessness are rare. The great majority of people have access to adequate food, clothing, shelter, and, to some extent, water.” 1

40. Slightly Increasing Population1

41. “Increased prosperity as a result of the Celtic Tiger's economic boom in the wake of its 1973 EU membership has led to major changes in Ireland which is no longer traditionally a country of emigration and is receiving substantial numbers of immigrants to fill jobs.” 1

42. Extremely High Birth and Death Rates1

43. Persistent Poverty and Violence 1

44. Constructing and Analyzing Population Pyramids
Finding Age Sex Statistics on the U.S. Census Web Site
Population Pyramid Construction directions using Microsoft Excel
Analyzing Metropolitan Zip Codes

45. Directions for finding Age and Sex Statistics go to: www.census.gov1

46. Go to www.census.gov and click on “American FactFinder”
Click on “PEOPLE” and select “Age and Sex” 1

47. Type in the
name of the
location and
click “GO.” 1

48. Click on “Age Groups and Sex”1

49. Use the statistics for the columns:
Male and Female
Use the
Total Population 1

50. Directions for Constructing Population Pyramids in Microsoft Excel go to: Population Pyramids in Excel 1

51. Download the Pyramids (Excel) Print out this Direction Page1

52. 1

53. Type in the statistics from the Census Bureau for Males and Females
Open up a Microsoft Excel Workbook
and fill in the following…
Type in the statistics from the
Census Bureau
for Males and Females
Type in the
total population 1

54. Click in B2 and type in the formula
Move the mouse to the bottom right corner of B2 and when the + appears drag the box down to B19
***The statistics for Males will all be negative numbers. 1

55. Click in C2 and type in the formula
Move the mouse to the bottom right corner of C2 and when the + appears drag the box down to C19 1

56. Go to Insert and select “Chart...”
Highlight
Go to Insert and select “Chart...” 1

57. “Custom Types” “User-defined”
Click on:
“Custom Types” “User-defined”
“Population Pyramid”
“Finish” 1

58. Type in the location for the population pyramid.1

59. Click on PDF
Select Save as PDF 1

60. Population Pyramids in a Metropolitan Area Memphis / Shelby Co
Population Pyramids in a Metropolitan Area Memphis / Shelby Co. Tennessee 1

61. 1

62. A. Germantown - wealthy suburban area
Helpful Hints…
A. Germantown - wealthy suburban area
B. Bartlett - older middle class suburban area
C. East Memphis - one of the older wealthiest residential areas
D. Downtown Memphis - few families, correctional center
E. University of Memphis - residential area with large numbers of
university students
F. South Memphis - one of the poorest areas in Memphis 1

63. Germantown - wealthy suburban area: There are very few people in their 20’s living in this region. The reason for this is that this zip code has very high residential housing costs. The people who live here usually move into the zip code so that their children (ages 5-18) can attend the public schools in Germantown. The reason there are so few people over the age of is that people will move out of this area and retire in other more desirable areas.
Bartlett - older suburban area: This area is a well established zip code where many people have raised their families and plan on retiring in the area as well. As a result the schools were much larger in the 1980’s and 90’s. In fact the schools in the area have had to surplus some of their teachers to areas in the county where growth is higher.
East Memphis - one of the older wealthiest residential areas: This is one of the most sought-after areas in Memphis in which to live. It is also an area with retirement facilities, which usually have more women than men (since women do have a higher life expectancy than men).
Downtown Memphis - few families, correctional center: The downtown zip code is not the most desirable area in which to raise a family. There are few schools, parks, or facilities that cater to children, and the overall environment is not “child friendly.” It is an area that is better suited for young professionals. This area also has a prison at 201 Poplar Avenue. Most people in Memphis would know that if you say “201 Poplar” you are talking about the jail in downtown.
University of Memphis - residential area with large numbers of university students: The University of Memphis has many students who commute to campus and do not live near the university. However, there are enough student living on and near campus for it to show up on the population pyramid.
South Memphis - one of the poorest areas in Memphis: This zip code in Memphis has a per capita income (1999 dollars) of $13,798. The median values of a home is only $68,900. Only 10.5% of the population has a Bachelors degree or higher. As a result of the poverty and lack of education, the life expectancy is lower and the birth rate is higher.

64. Answers
1. E
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. F
6. C 1

65. Zip Code Assignment
Each student will be given three zip codes for a specific Metropolitan Area.
A population pyramid will be created in Excel for each of the three zip codes.
A PowerPoint Analysis Presentation will be created for one the three zip codes.

66. Analysis and Evaluation for the Metropolitan Area
With the population pyramids displayed on the wall discuss the differences between the population pyramids in different areas of the county.
Why are there differences?
Where in the county is it wealthy? Poor?
Where in the county is the population the youngest? Oldest?
How do the suburbs differ from the inner city? 1

67. Example for Shelby County,TN 1

68. 1

69. Student Handout with Questions1

70. Population Pyramids Analysis
1. Is Arlington and Bolton: Increasing or Decreasing? Why?
2. Is Bartlett : Increasing or Decreasing? Why?
3. Sketch a Suburban Population Pyramid, e.g., Houston High, Cordova, Collierville)
4. Nashville : Increasing or Decreasing? Why?
5. Memphis compared to Nashville: What is the biggest difference?
6. Compare and contrast the regions of Memphis:
a. North Memphis
b. South Memphis
c. North Memphis and Shelby County
d. East Memphis
e. East Memphis (University of Memphis area)
7. Which region of Memphis is probably the wealthiest? the poorest?
8. Why does Knoxville look different from Nashville and Chattanooga?
9. Why does downtown Memphis have so many more men?
10. Why does downtown Memphis have so few children?
11. Why are birthrates so high in Cordova? so low in Eads / East Shelby County?
12. Why are birthrates so low in East Memphis?
13. Compare the following graphs:
a. Millington and Bartlett
b. West Memphis and Olive Branch, MS
c. Southwind and Bartlett
14. Explain the Townsend population pyramid.
15. Explain the Loretto, TN population pyramid 1

71. Handout, Web Sites, & Example
PowerPoint Analysis
Handout, Web Sites, & Example

72. 1

73. Student Created PowerPoint for a specific Zip Code
Information for each slide…
1- Introduction slide
2- Map
3- Population Pyramid
4- Table Showing Statistics
5-8- Pictures and Maps of the area (This is the minimum, more slides can be used.)
9- Conclusion slide
10- Source slide 1

74. 1

75. 1

76. 1

77. Census Bureau
Median
Household
Income In
1999 1

78. city-data.com 1

79. Germantown, Tennessee 1

80. city-data.com Germantown, TN1

81. city-data.com Occupations in Germantown, TN1

82. city-data.com Comparing Median Household Income in Germantown, Bartlett, and Memphis1

83. Using Google Earth or Yahoo Maps1

84. Yahoo Maps or Google Earth
Find the location you wish to take a screen shot in
Yahoo Maps or Google Earth.
Screen Shot Directions:
Full Screen PDF:
Hold down: Shift + Apple + 3.
Select a specific part of the screen:
Hold down: Shift + Apple + 4.
The screen shot will be saved as Picture1.pdf on the desktop.
When you are ready to insert the pdf into your PowerPoint, drag the pdf from the desktop to your powerpoint document. 1

85. Screen Shot for Houston High School1

86. 3 1

87. 4 1

88. 5 1

89. 6 1

90. 7 1

91. 8 1

92. 9 1

93. The Census Bureau Web Site City-Data.Com Web Site Google Earth
Sources
The Census Bureau Web Site
City-Data.Com Web Site
Google Earth
Population Reference Bureau
USPS Zip Code- 10 1