1. Full Notes; Afghanistan Soviet War & Hero to Terrorist

2. International Terrorism
Students cannot study the history of Osama Bin Laden without an overview of the Soviet-Afghan war.
History of Osama Bin Laden
Soviet Union & Afghanistan War

3. The Bin Laden Family Osama Bin Laden on far right.
Muhammad Bin Laden was his father.
Construction business in Saudi Arabia
Vast fortune, Osama share was estimated at ¼ billion dollars!
From Saudi Arabia; well educated.
This information is also on movie, so I didn’t put it on question sheet for L2.

4. Soviets invaded Afghanistan 1989!
Her village had been bombed and her family killed during Soviet War
Photographer took her picture. 12 Years old.
Afghan refugee fleeing to Pakistan & refugee camp.

5. Soviet Invaded Afghanistan 1979
President Reagan calls the Soviets the “Evil Empire” for invading the country of Afghanistan.
People of Afghanistan begin to fight against Soviet Invasion!
A call for Muslims throughout the world to help the Afghan’s fight against “atheists” Soviets!

6. Osama Bin Laden went to Afghanistan to fight against the Soviets!
Osama Bin Laden helped the Afghan, mujahideen, for many years in the war.
Osama bin Laden is considered to be a “hero” for his efforts during the Afghanistan Soviet war!

7. Why is Osama Bin Laden a hero?
Osama Bin Laden is seen as a Hero in Afghanistan & Pakistan!

8. Afghan fighters? Mujahideen
Many Muslims from all over come to help the Afghanistan mujahideen
Osama Bin Laden financed and fought with the mujahideen.

9. What did Osama do in Afghanistan!
Raised money in Saudi Arabia gave to Afghans.
Fought with the Afghani rebel fighters (mujahideen)
Built roads, homes and supported widows of the war
1989 he returns to Saudi Arabia as a “hero”
Hero!

10. U.S. Involvement in Soviet Afghan War?
The CIA helped the Afghan rebels, Mujahideen fight against the Soviet Union.
In the 1980’s the Soviet Union is our enemy (Cold War).
Operation Cyclone
The CIA, the Mujahideen and Osama bin Laden are all on the same side of the war against the Soviets!

11. Reagan calls the Soviets the Evil Empire!
Reagan wants to deal with the Soviets from a position of strength
He convinces Congress to spend $100 billion in his first 5 years of office on military spending.
Reagan calls the Soviets the
“Evil Empire” for invading Afghanistan.

12. Soviet Vietnam Soviet Vietnam, large world power is defeated!
1988- After 8 years of brutal fighting the Soviets know they can’t win and withdraw from Afghanistan.
About a 1.5 million Afghans were killed during the war
6 million refugees in Pakistan & Iran

13. After Soviets withdrew Civil War in Afghanistan 1989-1996
Soviet Union leaves Afghanistan
Osama Bin Laden leaves Afghanistan
CIA leaves Afghanistan
Taliban & Northern Alliance- Warlords fight for control of country

14. Life under rule of Taliban
Banned television, media and all western music
Women not allowed to work, no education after age of 8.
Public executions without trials.
Public floggings, stoning of women or anyone against the Taliban
Forced to wear the Burqa!

15. Kabul, Afghanistan 1994
Photographer Seamus Murphy, of VII Photo Agency

16. Afghanistan after decades of war!

17. Kabul, Afghanistan

20. Hero to Terrorist
Osama Bin Laden

21. Osama & 1991 Persian Gulf War
When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, Osama bin laden offered his “mujahideen” fighters to protect Saudi Arabia.
The Saudi government rejected his offer and turned to the U.S. military for protection.
U.S. troops arrive in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

22. US Troops in Saudi Arabia, 1991
Osama declares Saudi Regime should be destroyed!
Osama believes it “sacrilege” of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia.
Osama declares “Jihad” against the west and Saudi Government!

23. Allies of the U.S. are see as…
Osama Bin Laden begins to criticize many leaders in the Middle East for being an “ally” to the U.S.
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
UAE & other monarchies

24. 1995, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Bin Laden is behind the U.S. embassy bombing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Seven Americans were killed
Saudi government expels Bin Laden from the his own country for treason! .
US Embassy in Saudi Arabia

25. Bin Laden fled to … Sudan for several years..
Then returns to Afghanistan

26. Bombing of American Embassies in Africa
Killed 231 civilians, 12 Americans
Nairobi, Kenya
Embassy in Tanzania

27. Bombing of the USS Cole
USS Cole
17 People Killed

28. Hatred against America!
U.S. supports the monarchies in the Middle East, Bin Laden would like to overthrow all these governments and establish an extremist Islamic government!
Bin Laden wanted to target the power behind these regimes- the United States!
He wants all “Western influence” out of the Middle East. All U.S. troops and influence out of the Middle East.
The Saudi government and many governments see Bin Laden as a threat and are fighting against Bin Laden & Al Qaeda as well!

29. September 11, 2001 bombing..
The U.S. had proof that Osama Bin Laden was behind the 9/11 attacks.
The world and most of the Middle Eastern countries supported the U.S. in are invasion of Afghanistan.
The Taliban in Afghanistan was protecting Osama Bin Laden.

30. Bin Laden hiding in Afghanistan
2001 U.S. Bombs Afghanistan
The Taliban in Afghanistan is protecting Osama Bin Laden.
The U.S. has proof Bin Laden was behind 9/11!

31. Death of Bin Laden May 2, 2011- killed
Almost 10 years after the 9/11 attacks
U.S. Naval Seals & CIA operatives
American troops are still in Afghanistan today!