1. Active Lecture Questions Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc. Chapter 3 Biological Molecules

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Carbon can bond with ____ atom(s). 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Carbon can bond with ____ atom(s). 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Carbon’s ability to bond with up to four other atoms is significant because: 1.It enables the synthesis of inorganic molecules. 2.It allows for the formation of long chains and rings. 3.All biological molecules have four covalent bonds. 4.It leads to the creation of large monomers from smaller polymers.

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Carbon’s ability to bond with up to four other atoms is significant because: 1.It enables the synthesis of inorganic molecules. 2.It allows for the formation of long chains and rings. 3.All biological molecules have four covalent bonds. 4.It leads to the creation of large monomers from smaller polymers.

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e What molecule is removed during dehydration synthesis? 1.Carboxyl 2.Methyl 3.Phosphate 4.Water

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e What molecule is removed during dehydration synthesis? 1.Carboxyl 2.Methyl 3.Phosphate 4.Water

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Why is it so hard for most animals to break down cellulose? 1.The lipid monomers of this polymer are connected by bonds with unique orientations. 2.It must be eaten with large amounts of fiber. 3.Most animals lack the enzymes that break the bonds between the glucose molecules of this polymer. 4.The high pH of cellulose denatures the digestive enzymes of most animals.

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Why is it so hard for most animals to break down cellulose? 1.The lipid monomers of this polymer are connected by bonds with unique orientations. 2.It must be eaten with large amounts of fiber. 3.Most animals lack the enzymes that break the bonds between the glucose molecules of this polymer. 4.The high pH of cellulose denatures the digestive enzymes of most animals.

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Chitin differs from another long chain polysaccharide, cellulose, in that the former has what unique functional group? 1.Phosphate-containing functional group 2.Nitrogen-containing functional group 3.Sulfur-containing functional group 4.Carboxylic-containing functional group

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Chitin differs from another long chain polysaccharide, cellulose, in that the former has what unique functional group? 1.Phosphate-containing functional group 2.Nitrogen-containing functional group 3.Sulfur-containing functional group 4.Carboxylic-containing functional group

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which is NOT a type of lipid? 1.Triglyceride 2.Wax 3.Oil 4.Peptide

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which is NOT a type of lipid? 1.Triglyceride 2.Wax 3.Oil 4.Peptide

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e If you were going on a long trip and could take along only 10 pounds of food, it would be best to select food from which group? 1.Carbohydrates, because they are an immediate source of energy 2.Fats, because they contain more energy per gram 3.Proteins, because they have a wide variety of functions 4.Nucleic acids, because they contain the instructions for making proteins

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e If you were going on a long trip and could take along only 10 pounds of food, it would be best to select food from which group? 1.Carbohydrates, because they are an immediate source of energy 2.Fats, because they contain more energy per gram 3.Proteins, because they have a wide variety of functions 4.Nucleic acids, because they contain the instructions for making proteins

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Besides three fatty acids, a triglyceride molecule also has what other chemical group? 1.Glycerol 2.Phosphate 3.Variable functional group 4.Deoxyribose sugar

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Besides three fatty acids, a triglyceride molecule also has what other chemical group? 1.Glycerol 2.Phosphate 3.Variable functional group 4.Deoxyribose sugar

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which functional group makes each amino acid different in structure? 1.Carboxyl 2.Amino 3.Hydroxyl 4.R

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which functional group makes each amino acid different in structure? 1.Carboxyl 2.Amino 3.Hydroxyl 4.R

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e A peptide bond forms between which two functional groups? 1.Hydroxyl and amino 2.Hydroxyl and carboxyl 3.Hydroxyl and methyl 4.Carboxyl and amino

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e A peptide bond forms between which two functional groups? 1.Hydroxyl and amino 2.Hydroxyl and carboxyl 3.Hydroxyl and methyl 4.Carboxyl and amino

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Why would changing the shape of a protein change its function? 1.Like a key (protein) and lock (function), if you change the shape of the key, it can no longer open the lock. 2.Change in shape leads to more hydrophobic interactions. 3.It wouldn’t; as long as the primary structure is intact, the function won’t change. 4.Shape change will lead to a different amino acid sequence.

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Why would changing the shape of a protein change its function? 1.Like a key (protein) and lock (function), if you change the shape of the key, it can no longer open the lock. 2.Change in shape leads to more hydrophobic interactions. 3.It wouldn’t; as long as the primary structure is intact, the function won’t change. 4.Shape change will lead to a different amino acid sequence.

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which nitrogen-containing base is not found in DNA? 1.Adenine 2.Uracil 3.Guanine 4.Cytosine

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which nitrogen-containing base is not found in DNA? 1.Adenine 2.Uracil 3.Guanine 4.Cytosine

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e ATP and DNA are different because: 1.ATP is made of enzymes and DNA is made of RNA. 2.ATP is single stranded and DNA is double stranded. 3.ATP is a stable molecule and DNA is an unstable molecule. 4.ATP is a nucleotide monomer and DNA is a nucleic acid polymer.

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e ATP and DNA are different because: 1.ATP is made of enzymes and DNA is made of RNA. 2.ATP is single stranded and DNA is double stranded. 3.ATP is a stable molecule and DNA is an unstable molecule. 4.ATP is a nucleotide monomer and DNA is a nucleic acid polymer.

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which part of the DNA nucleotide below is different from the analogous nucleotide in RNA? 1.Phosphate 2.Sugar 3.Base 4.Bonding Figure 3-22

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education Inc.Biology: Life on Earth, 9e Which part of the DNA nucleotide below is different from the analogous nucleotide in RNA? 1.Phosphate 2.Sugar 3.Base 4.Bonding Figure 3-22