1. Islam (Mansa Musa) and Christianity (European colonization) When a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation for resources Bellringer What is Imperialism? What are the two most commonly practice religions in Africa?

2. Minority groups will not take care of the needs and desires for the majority groups. Also need to use force to maintain order. Imperialism causes cultural diffusion and new technology, education and infrastrucure Bellringer Explain how imperialism is a POSITIVE thing for the weaker nations? What is a problem with the minority ruling a majority?

3. Consequences of Imperialism in Africa Imperialism in Africa cause significant ethnic conflicts and genocides

4. Review: Imperialism European nations began a policy of Imperialism after industrializing to gain access to natural resources and markets. Remember: -Industrialization makes them stronger -The Monroe Doctrine ended imperialism of the Western Hemisphere -Europeans nations split Africa at the Berlin Conference 1884 -Africa was split according to resources NOT tribal and ethnic lines

5. Review: Decolonization Despite vast profits, most European nations began the process of freeing their colonies following WWII. The process was often slow and difficult, but over 50 independent nations were created.

6. Pan-Africanism As African nations were granted freedom several leaders emerged: -Jomo Kenyatta- Kenya -Kwame Nkrumah- Ghana -Nelson Mandela- South Africa

7. Effects of Imperialism European imperialists did not pay attention to the tribal groups or cultures they controlled. During Imperialism the Europeans improved infrastructure, brought in education, and introduced new ways of thinking.

8. Result of decolonization As European nations freed their colonies, the underlying ethnic tensions came to the surface resulting in genocide and other issues: -Rwanda -Sudan (Darfur) -Nigeria -South African Apartheid -Zimbabwe

9. Rwandan Genocide When the Belgians took control of Rwanda, there were two main ethnic groups, the Hutu and Tutsi tribes. The majority were the Hutu farmers, however the Belgians chose the Tutsi minority to rule the others. After decolonization the Hutu took control and began to limit the rights of the Tutsi majority. HutuTutsi Farmers who made up the majority Cattle herders who were a small minority

10. Rwandan Genocide In 1994 the plane carrying President Habyarimana, a Hutu, was shot down. The government blamed the Tutsi and a systematic genocide began. From April to July over 800,000 were killed. Machetes were used to kill entire families at a time, women were brutally raped and Hutu who oppose the violence were killed.

11. What’s the meaning?

12. Sudan lost Boys Darfur is in the Western part of Sudan where Civil War has ravaged the population for 20 years. The Civil War between the Sudan Liberation Army and the Janjaweed has resulted in over 400,000 deaths and the forced migration of 2,500,000 people. In essence the conflict was between the Muslim Janjaweed an Christian Sudan Liberation army. To help ease the conflict Sudan was split into Sudan and South Sudan.

13. Nigeria Another nation where Tribalism led to civil war was Nigeria. Over 200 ethnic groups live in Nigeria, the largest being the Muslim Hausa and the Christian Ibo. In 1996, over 20,000 Ibo Christians were killed.

14. Boko Haram (Western Education is Forbidden) Life in Nigeria is still far from easy. An extremist Islamic group known as Boko Haram. Boko Haram has caused chaos in Nigeria through bombings, assassinations and abductions as they attempt to overthrow the government and establish a theocratic Islamic state. Some of their notable actions include: -Kidnapping over 200 school girls -Suicide bombing attack civilian centers -Massacre of Baga

15. The Big Idea Imperialism has long lasting impacts. European disregard for the ethnic diversity in Africa caused tensions between tribal groups to grow. When freedom came these African groups were unable to solve their disputes alone.

16. What are some other problems in Africa?