1. Japan ： Mono- cultured or Multi-cultured Nation? B14463 Ayaka Seki

2. Introduction (Sankei News 2015/9/19) 日本 人・・・？

3. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Defining Terms 3. Evidence for Mono-cultural 4. Evidence for Multi-cultural 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion

4. Defining Terms Mono-culture Multi-cultureMulti-culture A society consisting of people who are all the same race, all share the same beliefs, etc. (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8 th ed.) A society having tolerance, equality etc. and consisting of many kinds of people ≠ Many culture

5. So… Japan is a country of one culture, language and race or Not? Japan: Mono-cultured or Multi-cultured Nation?

6. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Defining Terms 3. Evidence for Mono-cultural 4. Evidence for Multi-cultural 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion

7. Evidence for Mono-cultural 3-1* Politicians’ comments 3-2* Miss Universe Japan was criticised

8. Evidence for Mono-cultural 3-1* Politicians’ comments Tarō Asō Minister of MIC in 2005 Nariaki Nakayama Minister of MLIT in 2008

9. Evidence for Mono-cultural 一文化、一文明、一民族、一言語の国は 日本のほかにはない。 今は（世界各地で）人種、地域、宗教で いろんな争いが起きている。 日本は一国家、一文明、一文化圏で、 そういう国はあまりない。 (Asahi.com 2005)

10. Evidence for Mono-cultural 日本はずいぶん内向きな、 単一民族といいますか、 世界とのあれがないものだから 内向きになりがち。 まず国を開くというか、 日本人が心を開かなければならない。 (Tokyo Shimbun 2008) Mono-culture A society consisting of people who are all the same race, all share the same beliefs, etc.

11. Evidence for Mono-cultural 3-2* Miss Universe Japan was criticised Ariana Miyamoto ―Real Name: 宮本・エリアナ・磨 美子 ―Mother : Japanese Father : African-American → In common parlance “hāfu”

12. Evidence for Mono-cultural Is it okay to select a hāfu to represent Japan? Because this is Miss Universe Japan, don’t you think hāfu are a no-no? (The Huffington Post 2015) Mono-culture A society consisting of people who are all the same race, all share the same beliefs, etc.

13. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Defining Terms 3. Evidence for Mono-cultural 4. Evidence for Multi-cultural 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion

14. Evidence for Multi-cultural 4-1* The number of foreigners are increasing 4-2* Caregivers from foreign countries

15. 4-1* The number of foreigners are increasing Source: MOJ 2014: 59 【 Figure 1 】 The Great East Japan Earthquake Evidence for Multi-cultural ( 昭和 30 年～平成 25 年 )

16. Evidence for Multi-cultural 【 Figure 2 】 (Yomiuri Shimbun 2015/12/3) Multi-culture A society having tolerance, equality etc. and consisting of many kinds of people

17. Evidence for Multi- cultural 【 Figure 3 】 How Japanese people think about Nursing and Caregiving by Foreigners 4-2* Caregivers from foreign countries Source: Nihon Keizai Shimbun 2013

18. Evidence for Multi- cultural Japanese people almost don’t care about caregiver’s nationalities. ↓ They can trust their lives to foreigners. ↓ There is no sharp distinction between Japanese and foreigners in Japanese people’s mind. Multi-culture A society having tolerance, equality etc. and consisting of many kinds of people

19. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Defining Terms 3. Evidence for Mono-cultured 4. Evidence for Multi-cultured 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion

20. Analysis for Mono- cultural 3-1* Politicians’ comments 3-2* Miss Universe Japan was criticised

21. Analysis for Mono- cultural 3-1* Politicians’ comments One culture, one civilization, one race and one language!

22. Analysis for Mono- cultural 【 Figure 4 】 外国人と顔を合わせる機会がどれくらいありますか ６ ３％ Source: Tanabe 2014: 3

23. Analysis for Mono- cultural 3-1* Politicians’ comments 3-2* Miss Universe Japan was criticised

24. Analysis for Mono- cultural Is it okay to select a hāfu to represent Japan? Because this is Miss Universe Japan, don’t you think hāfu are a no-no? (The Huffington Post 2015)

25. Analysis for Mono- cultural Cannot trust so much… (The Huffington Post 2015)

26. Analysis for Mono- cultural Selected!! Accepted!!

27. Analysis for Mono- cultural 【 Figure 5 】 日本における嫡出数（ 2014 年） 1 in 50 is a hāfu Source: MHLW 2015 両親ともに日本人 (983,892 人 )

28. Analysis for Mono- cultural 3-1* Politicians’ comments 3-2* Miss Universe Japan was criticised

29. Analysis for Multi-cultural 4-1* The number of foreigners are increasing 4-2* Caregivers from foreign countries

30. Analysis for Multi-cultural 4-1* The number of foreigners are increasing Source: MOJ 2014 【 Figure 1 】

31. Analysis for Multi-cultural 【 Figure 5 】 International Migrant Stock as a Percentage of the Total Population Source: UN 2013 Still fewer than other developed countries…

32. Analysis for Multi-cultural 4-1* The number of foreigners are increasing 4-2* Caregivers from foreign countries

33. Analysis for Multi-cultural There is no sharp distinction between Japanese and foreigners in Japanese people’s mind. ?

34. Analysis for Multi-cultural 【 Figure 6 】 人口減少への対策として、日本に定住を希望する外国人 を 移民として受け入れることに賛成ですか、反対ですか Source: Yomiuri Shimbun 2015/08/26 p. 12 Distinction!? 反対派 61%

35. Analysis for Multi-cultural 4-1* The number of foreigners are increasing 4-2* Caregivers from foreign countries

36. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Defining Terms 3. Evidence for Mono-cultural 4. Evidence for Multi-cultural 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion

37. Conclusion Multi-culturalMulti-culturalMono-cultural 4-1* The number of foreigners are increasing 4-2* Caregivers from foreign countries 3-1* Politicians’ comments 3-2* Miss Universe Japan was criticised

38. Conclusion Japan: Mono-cultured or Multi-cultured Nation? Multi-culturedMulti-cultured

39. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Defining Terms 3. Evidence for Mono-cultural 4. Evidence for Multi-cultural 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion