1. REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR THE PEARL OF THE INDIAN OCEAN Presented by JAONERA Dana C.

3. LOCATION : world's fourth-largest island (micro- continent) in a strategic location along Mozambique Channel AREA : 587,041 sq km INDEPENDANCE DAY: June 26, 1960 NATIONALITY: Malagasy OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: French, Malagasy RELIGIONS: Indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7% POPULATION: 23,201,926 (July 2014 est.) GENERAL FACTS ABOUT MADAGASCAR

4. ETHNIC GROUPS : Malayo-Indonesian (Highlands), mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian and Arab ancestry (Coastal areas) ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 6 provinces, 22 regions GDP : $1,400 (2014 est.) HDI RANK : 155 / 187 countries ( UNDP, 2014 ) CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX : 133 /175 countries ( Transparency International, 2014 ) ECONOMY: based on agriculture (80% 0f population) and mining resources. The World Factbook, www.cia.gov

5. Historical background Madagascar's written history begins with the arrival of Omani Arabs and Shirazi Persians in the 7th century. Whereas Europeans began arriving in the 16th century, with Portuguese explorer Diego Dias becoming the first to step foot on Madagascar. However, over the course of two- hundred years, both the Portuguese and French tried. And, during the 1800s and 1900s, Madagascar passed back and forth between British and French spheres of influence and possession. The country became independent from France in 1960.

6. II) US-MALAGASY BILATERAL RELATIONS

7. 7

8. 8. Historical background Relations between the United States and Madagascar date to the mid-1800s. The two countries concluded a commercial convention in 1867; established diplomatic relations in 1874; and concluded a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce in 1881. However, warm relations suffered considerably during the 1970s, when Madagascar expelled the U.S. Ambassador, closed a NASA tracking station, and nationalized two U.S. oil companies. In 1980, relations at the ambassadorial level were restored.

9. 9 The United States considered the series of events in Madagascar in early 2009 to be a military coup d'état. However, they supported international efforts and the mediation process led by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union (AU) to end the political crisis and to achieve the presidential and legislative democratic elections in late 2013.

10. 10.. Bilateral Economic Relations Following the 2009 coup, the US suspended direct assistance to or through Madagascar’s governmental authorities except humanitarian activities. The US is currently the largest bilateral donor to Madagascar, which is a priority country for the President’s Malaria Initiative.

11. Madagascar was the very first country with a Millennium Challenge Account compact (MCA) when it signed an agreement worth $110 million on April 18, 2005, although the MCC board voted to terminate the compact on August 31, 2009 due to the 2009 political crisis. Madagascar has been ineligible for preferential trade benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) since the 2009 coup, but we regained AGOA access in January 2015 following the democratic elections.

12. . The size of an embassy usually reflects the nature of interest of the sending country in the host country. On the African continent, the US has large embassies in South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya and Cameroon and strangely in Madagascar. It might be the sign of Madagascar’s growing significance in the eyes of the United States.

13. III ) NATIONAL SCHOOL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF MADAGASCAR (ENAM)

15. ENAM, the only graduate Public school in Mada was created in 1960 right away after the Independence, to democratize access to high positions within the Malagasy public Administration. Previously it was affiliated to the University of Antananarivo, but after the 1972 socio-economic events, it gained financial autonomy, but still under the aegis of the Ministry of Labor, the MFA and the Ministry of Finance and Budget. ENAM stands as the most prestigious and elitist Malagasy school, due to its acceptance rate.

16. DIFFERENT SECTIONS Diplomatic and consular officers ( 15 students) Commissioner of Trade and Competition (25) Inspectors of land ownership (30) Inspectors of Labor and Social Laws (10) Civil service administrators (30) Financial Service administrators (15) Tax Inspectors (25) Prison and correction Inspectors (20) Topographic engineers (30)

17. Duration of studies: continuous 24 month studies, including one- month intensive military training. NEW TRAINING PROGRAMS Three types of life-long training (evening classes): to strengthen the capacity building of high ranking government officials. Ex: Professional expertise: Public Administration, Public management, Public finance, Diplomacy and International Relations.

18. ENAP in Quebec, CANADA, ENA in France, Diplomatic missions, UNDP, World Bank, Friedrich Ebert Foundation etc. ENAM PARTNERS

19. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Nosy be, the perfumed Ylang Ylang island

20. Sainte Marie Island

21. Whale Watching in Sainte Marie (September-October)

22. Pirate cemetery, most of the graves date from the first half of the 18th century.

23. Between 1680 and 1725, Madagascar became a pirate haven with such notable pirates as William Kidd, Henry Every, John Bowen and Thomas Tew using Antongil Bay as a base for their operations.. Captain William Kidd, in New York Harbour, welcoming a young woman on board his ship (by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris)

24. A team of American explorers, led by marine archaeologist Barry Clifford, claimed to have discovered a 50-kilogram (110-pound) silver treasure from the infamous 17th-century Scottish pirate William Kidd in a shipwreck, close to the small island of Sainte Marie...

25. ...... Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)

26. ...... The Avenue or Alley of Baobabs (baobab tree = Mother of the forest), 20-25 trees.

27. ...... The Lovers baobabs. The two baobabs are entwined around each other in an embrace that has lasted over 600 years (Adansonia za)Adansonia za

28. ...... The oldest Baobab in Madagascar (Adansonia digitata). Legend has it that this imperious tree is more than 1000 years old, but many people assume it to be 700 or 800 years old. (circ. 14 m in 1898, and 21m in 2013)

29. ...... Tsingy of Bemaraha National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

30. ...... Geological formation. The word Tsingy can be translated into English as walking on tiptoes. It is also qualified as stone forest by National Geographic Magazine.

31. ...... TOPIC OF MY MASTER’S DEGREE IN DIPLOMATIC STUDIES: ‘’ The Security Paradigm of Post 9/11 American Foreign Policy towards sub-Saharan Africa ’’, March 2011

32. Thank you so much for your kind attention! Misaotra Tompoko!