1. Animal Behavior Responses Behavior Responses – how animals cope with changes in the environment Learned Response (Behavior) – activity or action to changes in environment that are learned Physical Responses – responses that are caused by environmental stimuli Internal Stimuli – inside cues that help ensure survival (proper response). EQ: How might animals respond to the environment?

2. Animal Behavioral Responses Hibernation A state of reduced body activity to conserve energy. A result of cold, winter weather (stimulus). Some animals hibernate for part or all of the winter. Body temp. drops, heartbeat and breathing slow, animals uses very little energy. Ex: hibernating ants, snakes, bears, beavers, and ground squirrels. What is hibernation?

3. Animal Behavioral Responses Migration Movement in response to the season. Animals travel to where there is *food or to *mate. Animals usually use the same routes each year. Cycle is controlled by changes in light and weather. Ex: migrating monarch butterflies, orcas, caribou, and ducks. What is migration?

4. Animal Behavioral Responses Courting Adults of a species try to attract a mate. Behaviors ensure that males and females of a species recognize each other. Environmental stimuli, such as seasonal changes, will stimulate courtship. Sensory cues (ex: chemical odor cues, sounds, or color) stimulate courtship. What is courting?

5. Animal Behavioral Responses Defense Camouflage- artic fox, snowshoe hare, chameleon blend in with environment Smells- skunks say get away (stink) Stingers- wasp and bees (ouch!) Ejection- octopus shoots ink and horned lizard shoots blood from eyes Mimicry- weaker animal copies stronger animals' characteristics (ex. king snake wants to look like the coral snake) Grouping- fooling predators to think group is a large organism (ex. zebras, wolves, fish, buffalos) What are defense mechanisms? What college has a horned lizard for a mascot?

6. Environmental Stimuli → Physical Response To maintain internal temperatures, animals grow fur or feathers to insulate their body from cold weather; in hot weather animals shed this covering to cool. Sweating is a way of getting rid of excess body heat. When sweat evaporates it cools the animal. Why do animals Shed? Why do animals Sweat?

7. Gets rid of excess body heat. Animals breathes heavily, increased air flow and evaporation from the mouth and lungs, cooling the animal. Increases heat production. Involuntary response to temp. outside or in the animals body. Increases the rate at which energy is transformed to heat. Why do animals Pant? Why do animals Shiver? Environmental Stimuli → Physical Response

8. Automatic response that keeps eyes covered with a tear film to protect the eye from drying out or getting infected. Blink response also protects eyes from foreign objects. Why do animals Blink? Environmental Stimuli → Physical Response

9. Fishing or the gathering of seeds, berries, or roots (may be seasonal). –Storing food: Squirrels, mice, and beavers will gather and store food for the winter. –Storing fat: Bears, penguins, walruses, chipmunks, and ants overeat and reduce physical activity to conserve energy in response to cold weather or drought. What is food gathering? Environmental Stimuli → Physical Response