1. Accidents Case Studies

2. Collapse of crane
Crane Operator had hoisted up a bag of sand (780 kg) over the roof .
While doing so, the Overload Radius Indicator (ORI) alarm sounded and the cut-off was activated.
However, he by-passed the cut-off
and continued to lower the boom of the crane
The crane suddenly toppled when he started to swing the boom to its left.

3. Factors Contributing To collapse
Site constraints.
Front outriggers not fully extended.
By-passed of safety devices.
Operator at risk behaviors.
Safe working load exceeded.
Lifting supervisor, rigger and signalman were not appointed
No lifting plan.
No risk assessment conducted.
No Permit-to-work system Implemented.

4. Analysis – Cause and Root Cause
Crane collapse
Root cause Analysis
– 5 Whys question asking method Q
Why the crane collapse? A
Due to the crane was overload
Why the crane was overload?
The outrigger was not fully extended.
Why outrigger was not fully extended?
Site constraints. (Root Cause)

5. Analysis – Cause and Root CauseQ
Why the operator by-passed safety devices? A
If the operator had refused to carry out the lifting work, even when the safety requirements were not in place, he would not be paid. (Root Cause) Q
Why lifting supervisor, rigger and signalman were not appointed? A
Because there is no lifting plan
Why no lifting plan?
Company did not have a Safety and Health Management System to manage the lifting operation at site.
(Root Cause)

6. Corrective and Prevent Action
Provide every root cause with control measures – Use of Hierarchy of Control to initiate control measures
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment
Gin Wheel
Least preferred
Most preferred
To eliminate the hazard by use of chin wheel or chain block to hoist up the sand in small quantity, since there is a site constraints
Chain block

7. Corrective and Prevent Action
Provide every root cause with control measures – Use of Hierarchy of Control to initiate control measures
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment
Least preferred
Most preferred
Safety and Health Management System
Administrative controls
To establish Safety and Health Management System and implement to manage the lifting operation issues at site, eg lifting plan, risk assessment and Permit-to-work system

8. Corrective and Prevent Action
Provide every root cause with control measures – Use of Hierarchy of Control to initiate control measures
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment
Least preferred
Most preferred
The occupier shall implement control the crane supplier to carry out the lifting operation safety or else will not be paid in order to deter the at risk behaviors of the operator

9. Collapse of crane- Most of the crane collapse over the side
Most of the crane topple over the side

10. Safety awareness for crane operation
The load carrying capacity of the crane varies according to the various quadrants
Over the front
Over the side
Operating zone
called quadrants
Quadrant of operation
Over the rear
Over the side
The operation zone

11. Safety awareness for crane operation
Most of the crane collapse over the side
The Stability of crane over the side is always weak as compare to the front or rear
The capacity of the crane may change when rotating a load from one quadrant to another.

12. Safety awareness for crane operation
To obtain a safe quadrant is the first consideration for crane operation
Instead of the convenience of parking the crane or others

13. Ensure safe operation Adopted to basic principles of crane operation
Stability of Crane (Tipping Stability)
Structural Stability
Integrity of Lifting Gear/ Safety Devices

14. Ensure safe operation Stability of Crane (Tipping Stability)
- Obtain a safe quadrant
- Ensure crane operate on the good footing
- Outrigger use correctly
- Crane shall on the level footing
45°
400thk hardcore
compacted subgrade
25mm thk steel plate (6mx3m)
outrigger base plate
25mm thk steel plate
(2.4mx4m)
65 ton

15. Ensure safe operation Structural Stability - Do not overload crane
(refer to load chart for capacity)
- Ascertain the load weight
before lift

16. Ensure safe operation Integrity of Lifting Gear/ Safety Devices
- Wire ropes / Rigging equipment in service
condition
- eg. Over-hoist / over-loading limit switch in
good working order

17. Have a successful lift!