1. Cranes and Slings Major Causes of Crane Accidents
Contact with power lines
Overturns
Falls
Mechanical failures

2. Crane Hazards
An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are major contributors to crane accidents.
Operators or others working in the area can be victims to “struck by" and "caught in" injuries.
Contact with power lines causes many accidents.

3. Crane Hazards Improper loading Excessive speeds No hand signals
Inadequate inspection and maintenance
Unguarded parts
Unguarded swing radius
Working too close to power lines
Improper exhaust system
Shattered windows
No steps/guardrails walkways
No boom angle indicator
Not using outriggers

4. Crane Parts

5. Rated Capacities Make sure the crane operator can see the:
Rated Load Capacities
Operating Speeds
Special Hazard Warning or Instruction
APPLICABLE OSHA STANDARD
(a)(2) Rated load capacities, and recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings, or instruction, shall be conspicuously posted on all equipment. Instructions or warnings shall be visible to the operator while he is at his control station.

6. Competent Person
The competent person must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition.
If it needs fixing, take it out of service and don’t use it until it is fixed

7. Know the Weight of the Load
Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation
Ensure lift calculations are correct
Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load radius of crane
Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length – the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift

8. Load Limiting Factors Not level Wind Side loads On its wheels
Lifting over the side
Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments
Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices

9. Load Example – 30 ton crane
Will lift 60,000 pounds at 10 feet from the center pin of the crane
Based on level surface, no wind, and outriggers fully extended
At 25 feet from the center pin with an 80 foot boom, the capacity is only 14,950 pounds
At 74 feet from the center pin, the capacity is only 4,800 pounds

10. Wire Rope Slings

11. Alloy Steel Chains Adapts to shape of the load
Can damage by sudden shocks
Best choice for hoisting very hot materials
Must have an affixed tag stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer

12. Chain Wear
When a chain shows excessive wear, or is cracked or pitted, remove it from service
Non-alloy repair links can not be used
(b)(5)

13. Wire Rope Slings Used to hoist materials Selection considerations:
strength
ability to bend without cracking
ability to withstand abrasive wear
ability to withstand abuse
Wire
Core
Center
Strand
Wire rope

14. Damaged wire rope Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service
Crushed Rope
Broken Strands
Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service

15. Protruding Ends
Cover or blunt protruding ends of strands

16. Wire Rope Clips
When using U-bolt wire rope clips to form eyes, ensure the "U" section is in contact with the dead end of the rope
Dead End
This is the correct method

17. Wire Rope Slings Remove From Service
If these happen, remove the wire rope sling from service
Bird Caging
Kinking
Crushing

18. Synthetic Web Sling Markings
Mark or code to show:
Name or trademark of manufacturer
Rated capacities for the type of hitch
Type of material

19. Synthetic Web Sling Stitching
Stitching is the only method allowed to attach end fittings to webbing, or to form eyes

20. Synthetic Web Slings - Remove from Service
Remove from service if any of these are present:
Acid or caustic burns
Melting or charring of any part
Snags, punctures, tears or cuts
Broken or worn stitches
Distortion of fittings
Heat Damage

21. Sling Tables

22. Sling Stress Example
From the table, a single branch with a 90 degree loading is rated at 3,250 lbs.
If there is a safety factor of 4, the chain could lift