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Unit 2.5 Motivation
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Popular Motivation Theorists
Frederick Taylor Abraham Maslow Douglas McGregor Frederick Herzberg Elton Mayo David McClelland
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Frederick Taylor Scientific Management Employees are inherently lazy
Primary motivation is money Tie pay to output and efficiency targets Division and specialization of labor High levels of employee supervision
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Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
People are motivated by more than money Lower level needs must be satisfied first Difficult to satisfy all needs for all employees at the same level
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Douglas McGregor Theory X Theory Y Managers perceive employees as lazy, don’t want to work Money is primary motivator Strict supervision Emphasis on output and productivity Managers believe employees gain satisfaction from responsibility Job enrichment is primary motivator Emphasis is on people in the organization
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Frederick Herzberg Efforts to prevent dissatisfaction
Hygiene Factors Motivators Efforts to prevent dissatisfaction Do not provide increased motivation Working conditions Salary and Wages Company Policies Lead to satisfaction of employees at work Achievement, recognition, responsibility Job enlargement Job enrichment Job empowerment
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Elton Mayo Hawthorne Effect Human Relations School
Human interaction is primary motivator Workers perform better for managers who care
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David McClelland Theory of Needs
Individuals possess three needs, at varying intensity levels Achievement Power Affiliation
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Management View of Employees
Taylor Theory Management View of Employees Primary Motivator Maslow McGregor Herzberg Mayo McClelland
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Taylor Maslow McGregor Herzberg Mayo McClelland
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Taylor Maslow McGregor Herzberg Mayo McClelland Scientific Management
Hierarchy of Needs McGregor Theory X / Theory Y Herzberg Two Factor Theory Mayo Human Relations School McClelland Theory of Needs
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Taylor Maslow McGregor Herzberg Mayo McClelland Scientific Management
Lazy Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Possess Needs McGregor Theory X / Theory Y Lazy / Responsible Herzberg Two Factor Theory Possess Expectations Mayo Human Relations School Desire Interaction McClelland Theory of Needs
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Taylor Maslow McGregor Herzberg Mayo McClelland Scientific Management
Lazy Money Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Possess Needs Depends on Level McGregor Theory X / Theory Y Lazy / Responsible Money / Empowerment Herzberg Two Factor Theory Possess Expectations Job Enrichment, Etc. Mayo Human Relations School Desire Interaction Teamwork McClelland Theory of Needs Depends on Individual
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Motivation in Practice
Financial Motivation Non Financial Motivation
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Financial Motivation Time rates Piece rates Salary Commission
Profit-related pay Performance-related pay Employee share ownership Fringe benefits
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Non Financial Motivation
Job enrichment Job enlargement Job rotation Empowerment Teamworking Recognition and praise Working environment Professional development Delegation Worker participation
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