1. Y12 Business – Term 3 Re-cap o Recruitment process / Internal & External / Job Description / Person Spec o Scheme of Work o Paternity Leave MOTIVATION THEORIES

2. MOTIVATION & MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES Objective: To look at key motivational theories and apply to business situations.

3. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

4. Starter Activity Write down 3 things which motivate you to study hard. Write down 3 things which either do now or might in the future motivate you to work hard (paid work)

5. Motivation Motivation is important to ensure that workers work hard to improve the quality of a businesses products, keep its cost down, make a profit and remain competitive.

6. Motivational theorists F.W Taylor – Scientific management McGregor – Theory X and Y Maslow – Hierarchy of needs Herzberg – Hygiene and motivator factors

7. Video clip What did Taylor set out to do What changes to workplace organisation did Taylor bring about? http://www.youtube.co.uk/ Taylor Scientific Management

8. F.W Taylor – Scientific Management The first modern theory was from Taylor in 1911. Activity Produce envelopes using the paper provided. Time – 5 mins How many have you produced? Are they all the same? Are they the same as your neighbours? Would you expect to get paid the same?

9. Taylor's theory – Scientific Management The problems Workplace badly organised Some tasks approached in different ways Some factories were efficient, others not Why should efficient factories produce twice as much when they get paid the same? Incentive to work as little as possible – easier Workers didn’t want responsibility for their work

10. How could we ensure that: The envelopes are all the same Made efficiently Everyone completes the same amount People get rewarded for what they do

11. Taylor’s solutions Workers need close supervision so that output can be measured Managers should approach their tasks scientifically Find best way of doing something Show the workers the best way (train them) Pay should be linked to expected output of an efficient worker Receive fair days pay for a fair days work – piece rate system. Taylor believed hat Money was the most important factor in motivating staff.

12. Hawthorn Effect - ELTON MAYO Mayo took Taylor’s motivation theory one step further. Lighting, heating, incentive scheme, rest periods and hours of work were considered and improved. Each time one of them was changed output increased Mayo reported that the rise was due to the attention paid to the workers This started the Human Relations School of thinking

13. McGregor – Theory X and Y In 1960 Douglas McGregor published two views of motivation Theory X – Scientific management view Workers are lazy / don’t want responsibility Theory Y – Human relations view Workers want responsibility and to be challenged McGregor said that we should treat more workers as Theory Y

14. Quiz 1.Did Taylor look at motivation from a scientific management point of view or a human relations view? 2.Did the Hawthorn effect state that it agreed with Taylor’s view of motivation or not? 3.Name one of Taylor’s solutions to motivation 4.What were McGregor's motivation theories called? 5.What is the main difference between theory Y and theory X?

15. Quiz - Answers 1.Did Taylor look at motivation from a scientific management point of view or a human relations view? Scientific Management view 2.Did the Hawthorn effect state that it agreed with Taylor’s view of motivation or not? Agreed 3.Name one of Taylor’s solutions to motivation - answeranswer 4.What were McGregor's motivation theories called? Theory X & Theory Y 5.What is the main difference between theory Y and theory X? Theory X relates to Scientific Management - motivated by money, workers lazy, need control, lack ambition Theory Y relates to Human Relations view – workers motivated by needs, enjoy work, organise themselves, like responsibility

16. Herzberg – Two Factor Theory Fredrick Herzberg believed that workers are motivated by particular factors similar to those suggest by McGregor's Theory Y. Herzberg believed that workers are motivated by job satisfaction. Job Satisfaction e.g. Money Responsibility Promotion Flexibility

17. Hygiene factors Motivating factors - satisfaction No satisfaction + satisfaction How ever Herzberg created two different factors which would impact on the workers job satisfaction

18. Jumping Jelly beans Video Clip You Tube At the end you will be asked to write a summary of what Herzberg is proposing. Extension: Is it relevant to today?

19. Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs Maslow believed that workers would be motivated if their needs were satisfied. Therefore he created a hierarchy of needs by placing the workers need in order of importance

21. Application What can we take from motivational theories. How does it affect practice in businesses Financial Methods Time rates Piecework Performance Related Profit Sharing Share ownership and share options Fringe benefits Non-Financial Job enlargement Empowering employees Working in teams Fringe Benefits Workplace Flexible working Etc