1. Overview of the GEMS Food programme to support chemical risk assessment Dr Philippe Verger

2. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 2 |2 | WHO GEMS/Food programme GEMS/Food network GEMS/Food database Methodological support on Total Diet Studies http://www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/gems/en/index.html

3. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 3 |3 | The GEMS/Food Network WHO Collaborating Centres o Methodological support o Capacity building and training o Networking with NGCs o…o… National Institutions recognized by WHO o Data collection and submission

4. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 4 |4 | The GEMS/Food chemical database Country labels or names are not visible to the public. Instead, the region is displayed. The number of samples submitted by region is displayed. The number of samples submitted for each contaminant is displayed. All data visible on the screen are exportable as an excel or CSV.

5. Methodological support to risk assessment Total Diet Studies

6. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 6 |6 | 9/29/08ESPP-786 US National Research Council 1983 "Red book"

7. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 7 |7 | “… the qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the likely intake of biological, chemical, and physical agents via food …” 1. Dietary Exposure Assessment 1 The Codex Alimentarius Commission’s (CAC) Procedural Manual (FAO/WHO, 2008a)

8. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 8 |8 | Dietary Exposure Assessment

9. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 9 |9 | TDS: Essentials principles Representative of the whole diet Pooling of foods Food analysed as consumed Studies deviating in some detail from these essentials principles are better classified as TDS-like investigations.

10. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 10 | TDS: overall objectives As a screening tool: a cost effective approach to get an overall picture of the situation of chemical occurrence in food. As a refined methodology: to monitor the trends in chemical occurrence in food from the process (food additives) and the environmental pollution.

11. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 11 | Arrange foods in descending quantities Calculate per foods the cumulative quantity and proportion (%) of the total diet Step 1: Identify the most important foods in the population’s diet, part of the TDS food list; e.g. 90 % of total food consumption Step 2: Select foods from the "non important food" to be included in the TDS food list, e.g. highly contaminated or of major interest for trade. 11

12. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 12 | Step 3: Decide if regional or national food and if to be analyzed for one or several seasons; arrange foods in food groups; attribute a TDS code to each food; if appropriate, select mostly used cooking method(s) per food; decide per food the chemicals to be analyzed Step 4: Pool foods by leaving the highly consumed food and the foods with very high expected contamination alone, and pool the less frequently consumed food together 12 Arrange foods in descending quantities Calculate per foods the cumulative quantity and proportion (%) of the total diet

13. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 13 | Prepare consumption data for TDS Per capita consumption Household consumption Individual consumption –Dietary records –Repeated 24h recalls –Food Frequency Questionnaires

14. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 14 | Prepare food consumption data for TDS HBS data ` as purchased` by household (e.g. n= 5000 ) apply prices to transform to quantity apply edible + yield factor to transform to `as consumed` apply weighted conversion factor to transform per household to adult equivalent (AE) eliminate outliers eg. n=4000 foods as consumed per AE eg. n= 2000 foods as consumed Individual data (e.g. n=6000) eliminate outliers aggregate records of same food (eg. diff. brands of yoghurt) eg. n=1600 foods as consumed FFQ data (e.g. n= 2000 ) eliminate outliers 14

15. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 15 | Foods analyzed in TDS to estimate population exposure n=1theoretical minimum (all foods consumed in 1 analytical sample) UK China New Zealand 1980 : 60 foods 2. TDS France: 120 foods Х 8 regions New Zealand 2008: 140 foods Х 2 regions n=1000 screening -high dilution -unlike to discover contamination, except if it is equally distributed or very high in some foods refined assessment -less dilution -more likely to sample contaminated foods 15

16. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 16 | Food analysis in TDS to estimate population exposure N = 1. 300 TDS AS A SCREENING TOOL High dilution Unlike to discover hot spot for contamination TDS AS TOOL FOR REFINED ASSESSMENTS Less dilution More likely to sample contaminated food/water 16 Number of analytical samples

17. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 17 | TDS process 6 months PLANNING Seek for collaborators Prepare project proposal including budget Develop food list, sampling and analytical plan and select components Hire staff 12-18 months SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Sampling Transportation from sampling sites and to laboratories Kitchen preparation and pooling of samples Storage Analysis 3 years 6 months EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT Verify data Program and carry out analysis Compare with toxicological endpoints 6 months PUBLICATION OF THE RESULTS Report At website Conferences Scientific articles Share data with WHO, FAO, EFSA 17

18. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 18 | Budget allocation BUDGET NEEDS BUDGET % BUDGET NEEDS BUDGET % STAFF Coordinator: 3 years Assistant: 3 years part time (if needed) Experts for specific tasks (advice on sampling, analytical methods, conduct of TDS food list, exposure assessment) 10- 20 % CHEMICAL ANALYSIS INCL. TRANSPORT outsourced own laboratory 50 % SAMPLING AND TRANSPORT outsourced own/government staff 10- 20 % EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT buy food consumption data outsourced own/government staff 5 % KITCHEN PREPARATION AND POOLING outsourced own/government staff 5 % PUBLICATION AND DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS Report Web Conferences Scientific articles Data sharing between EFSA-FA-WHO 5 % STORAGE OF SAMPLES buy freezer and/or deep freezer electricity staff to handle stored samples 5 % 18

19. TECHNICAL MEETING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT IN LAC | 19 | Thank you Question ?