1. Biomes & Aquatic Communities

2. Biome A major biological community that occurs over a large area of land

3. Aquatic Biomes

4. Terrestrial Biomes

5. Biological Communities The climate dictates which species of plants, animals, fungus, bacteria, etc. can survive in a given location Climate- the prevailing weather conditions in a given location

6. Climate 2 most important factors of climate: 1.Temperature 2.Moisture

7. Biome General rule: Temperature & moisture decrease ↓ as latitude increases ↑ 0°0° 30°N 30°S

8. Biome A major biological community that occurs over a large area of land 7 Terrestrial biomes: 1.Tundra 2.Desert 3.Forests 4.Taiga 5.Tropical Rain Forest 6.Savannah 7.Temperate grassland

9. Tundra- It’s REALLY cold here!

11. Tundra Located between taiga and permanent ice Covers 1/5 of Earth’s land Low precipitation (less than 25cm p/year) Most of the year it is frozen Permanent ice is only 1 meter below the surface

12. Tundra

13. What lives in the tundra? NOT ME!!!!

14. Tundra

15. Desert

16. Desert

18. Desert Most extensive in the interior of a continent Less than 25cm of water p/yr DRY!!!! Little vegetation

19. Hot Dry Desert

20. Costal Desert

21. Cold Desert

22. What lives in the desert?

24. Forests

25. Forests

26. Forests Three types of Forest Biomes Deciduous Forests Taiga (boreal) Forests Tropical Rain Forests

27. Types of Forests

28. Temperate Forests 2 types 1.Deciduous forest 2.Evergreen forest

29. Deciduous Forest Located eastern U.S. Mild climate (seasons change) Rainfall 75-250cm p/yr

30. Deciduous Forest

31. Evergreen Forest Drier than deciduous forests Different soil Predominant evergreen trees

32. Evergreen Forest

33. What lives in a temperate forest?

34. Temperate Deciduous Forest

35. Taiga

36. Taiga Located in northern hemisphere (approx. 45°N-70°N) Cold & wet! (Russia) Coniferous forests

37. Tiaga

38. Taiga

39. Taiga

40. What lives in the taiga?

41. Tropical Rain Forest

43. Located nearest the equator 450cm of rainfall per year Little change throughout the year Biome with MOST diversity ½ of all Earth’s terrestrial species High primary productivity Soil is quite infertile

44. What lives in the rain forest?

46. Grasslands

47. Grasslands Two types of Grassland Biomes Tropical Savannahs Temperate Grasslands

49. Savanna

50. Savanna Located above & below rain forest Dry grasslands Tropical areas with low precipitation (90-150cm p/yr) Seasonal drought Temperature fluctuates Vast open areas with few trees Home of large grazing animals

51. What lives in the Savanna?

52. Savanna

53. Temperate Grasslands

55. Located halfway between equator and the poles Moderate temperature Aka prairies Interior of U.S. mostly prairie Good soil for agriculture

56. Grasslands

57. What lives in the grassland? …or use to

58. Temperate Grasslands

59. Review What are the 7 biomes? What lives there? List important facts about each

60. Aquatic Communities Fresh water WetlandsMarine

61. Aquatic Biomes

62. Freshwater Communities Lakes, ponds, streams, & rivers Only 1.8% of Earth’s surface Many organisms only live in freshwater

63. Freshwater Distribution

64. Freshwater Communities Fresh water is found in: LakesRiversPondsSwampsWetlands

65. Fresh water Ecosystem

66. Fresh water Ecosystems 3 Lake Zones 1.Littoral zone 2.Limnetic zone 3.Profundal zone

67. Freshwater Zones 1.Littoral zone ShallowShallow Near shoreNear shore Home of aquatic plantsHome of aquatic plants InsectsInsects AmphibiansAmphibians Small fishSmall fish Hint: “LITTER” is usually found in the littoral zone

68. Freshwater zones 2. Limnetic zone Farther from the shoreFarther from the shore Close to the surfaceClose to the surface Home of zooplankton, algae, fishHome of zooplankton, algae, fish

69. Freshwater Zones 3. Profundal Zone deep-water zone Very little light Bacteria, wormlike organisms

71. Rivers and Streams

74. Wetlands

75. Wetlands Areas covered with a layer of water Swamps, marshes Hydrophytes Cattails, grasses One of the most productive ecosystems!

76. Wetlands

77. Wetlands

78. Wetland Wildlife

79. What is eutrophication? 1.Increase in an amount of nitrates (used in fertilizers) 2.This increases the growth of bacteria & algae 3.Bacteria & algae use the oxygen 4.No oxygen left for the fish 

80. Marine Communities ¾ Earths surface is covered by ocean 3 types of marine communities: 1.Shallow Ocean water 2.Surface of open sea 3.Ocean depths

81. Shallow Ocean Waters Large number of species Intertidal zone Many marine invertebrates Coral reefs

82. Surface of Open Sea Plankton Bacteria, algae, small invertebrates 40% of photosynthesis that takes place on Earth Base of ocean food chain Light only penetrates 100m (328 ft)

83. What are they eating?

85. Intertidal Zone

86. Neritic Zone

87. Oceanic Zone

90. The deepest parts of the ocean ….

91. Ocean Depths DARKNESS! Giant squid, anglerfish Surprise, researchers are finding lots of biodiversity at these depths (2 miles)

92. Ocean Depths

93. Two More! Two other types of biological communities complete a characterization of marine biomes: Coral reefs Estuaries.

94. Estuaries

95. Coral Reefs