1. CHINA

2. China’s Early History 1. China is the world’s oldest continuous civilization 2. It has been a settled society for more than 4,000 years. 3. China began with the ancient Stone Age cultures

3. The Dynasties 1. The 1 st Chinese dynasty: Shang – 1700s B.C.E. 2. The Zhou Dynasty followed 600 years later 3. The Qin – next important dynasty; it lasted more than 2000 years 4. It united smaller states under a strong central government

4. Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi 1 st Emperor of China: 259-210 B.C.E.

5. Tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi

7. The Dynasties 5. The great emperor Qin Shi Huangdi built the Great Wall 6. The Han Dynasty pushed the empire into Central Asia 7. 1644 – The Manchu people of Manchuria invaded and established the Qing Dynasty

8. The Great Wall – built during the Qin Dynasty ( China gets its name from Qin)

9. China Opens Up to the World 1. China’s isolation began to change in the 13 th century 2. Marco Polo traveled from Venice, Italy to China and wrote influential books about his travels 3. In the 19 th century, Europeans wanted access to Chinese goods (especially luxury items), and it’s markets

10. Travels of Marco Polo

11. China Opens Up to the World 4. China was forced to sign treaties giving Europeans special trading privileges 5. China was divided up into spheres of influence: areas controlled by Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan

13. Negative European Views of the Chinese

14. China Opens Up to the World 6. Chinese anger at European dominance of their county burst forth in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 7. Chinese militants killed Europeans and Chinese Christians 8. The Boxers were ultimately defeated by the British

15. Boxer Rebellion - 1900

17. Revolution! 1. The Qing Dynasty tried to reform the government but it was too late 2. 1912 – Sun Yat-sen and his followers founded the Nationalist Party 3. Civil war within China between the Nationalists and warlords undermined Sun Yat-sen’s republic and his party’s power in China

18. Pu-Yi – The Last Emperor of China

19. Revolution! 4. 1925 – Sun Yat-sen died and Chiang Kai-shek took over the Nationalist Party 5. The Nationalists fought the warlords and united most of China in 1920s 6. The Chinese Communist Party became stronger during the chaos of China’s civil war

20. Revolution! 7. The Nationalists and the Communists fought for control of China for years 8. 1949 – Communists, led by Mao Zedong, defeated the Nationalists 9. The Nationalists retreated to Taiwan under Chiang Kai-shek’s leadership 10. The Communists ruled from the city of Beijing

21. Revolution! 11. The island of Taiwan became known as the Republic of China and it is still claimed as part of mainland China by the P.R.C. 12. Mainland China became known as The People’s Republic of China 13. 1976 – Mao, the founder of Communist China, died and Deng Xiaoping became China’s most powerful leader

22. Communist Propaganda

24. Economics in China 1. The Communist Party promised to modernize China by industrializing it following the Stalinist model 2. From 1950s to 1970s they tried to do this by planning all economic activities 3. As with the Soviet Union, it was mostly a failure

25. CHINA PART II

26. Legacy of Communism 1. China’s failed programs have included: - The Great Leap Forward (into Communism) - The Cultural Revolution - Four Modernizations 2. China was also key to the spread of Communism to North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

27. Burning Buddha during the Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976

28. Torture of Intellectuals, 1966-1976

29. Cultural Revolution Propaganda

32. “ The Chinese People’s Liberation Army is the Great School of Mao Zedong Thought, 1969”

33. Economics in China 1. Since the 1980s, China has become more and more like a capitalist country 2. Economic decisions are based on what consumers want, as in a market economy 3. China is now one of the fastest growing economies in the world

34. Rural Economics 1. About 60% of China’s workers still work on farms 2. China’s river valleys provide rich soil for rice and other crops 3. Much of western China is mountains and deserts, unsuitable for agriculture 4. Still, China is self-sufficient in agriculture and it is able to feed it’s enormous population

35. Rural Economics 5. Only about 13% of China’s land can be farmed 6. Eastern river basins produce rice, maize, wheat, etc. 7. Southern China has a long growing season that is ideal for growing multiple crops in one year

36. Chinese Diet - 1997

37. “Mobilize the Party and Agriculture in the Struggle to Promote Dazhai County, 1975”

38. Industrial Economics 1. Northeast China is the industrial heartland 2. It has coal, iron ore, and oil 3. It also has better transportation and industrial infrastructure 4. Shanghai leads China as a manufacturing center; it is also a world industrial center

39. Chinese Entrepreneurs

40. Chinese Clothing Factory

41. Industrial Economics 5. Beijing & Tianjin are also very industrial 6. China produces steel, machinery and other heavy industrial goods 7. In addition, consumer goods such as textiles and countless products for the home are exported

42. China’s Rich Culture 1. China has highly developed art, architecture, literature, painting, sculpture, music and theater 2. It’s rich culture has greatly influenced the cultures of Korea, Japan, Vietnam and other nearby countries

43. Bronze Horse from the Han Dynasty

44. Chinese Opera

45. China’s Rich Culture 3. China introduced paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, porcelain, silk and other innovations to the world 4. The earliest works of art – pottery, bronze and jade objects - have been found in burial sites

46. Art of China

47. China’s Rich Culture 5. China has three major religions, or ethical traditions including: 6. Confucianism – based on the ideas of Chinese philosopher Confucius (551-479 B.C.) 7. He stressed education and obedience to authority: child obeys parents, etc. His teachings have had enormous influence throughout East and Southeast Asia

48. China’s Rich Culture 8. Taoism – based on the teachings of Lao-tzu (700s B.C.) 9. He stressed preserving & restoring harmony in the individual & the universe 10. He also felt the government should leave people alone to live their lives in peace

49. China’s Rich Culture 11. Buddhism – came to China via India through the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama 12. By the 300s C.E., It was an important religion in China 13. Confucianism and Taoism influenced Buddhism in China 14. It spread from China to Korea, Japan and other countries

50. Chinese Taoist Temple

51. Chinese Buddhist Temple

52. Chinese Confucius Temple