1. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives List the achievements of the newly formed Confederation Congress.  Summarize the weaknesses of the Confederation Congress. Section 1: The Confederation

2. Ch 5 Vocab. Quiz 1. Congress 1. Congress 2. President 2. President 3. This created the House of Representatives and the Senate 3. This created the House of Representatives and the Senate 4. People that supported a new constitution. 4. People that supported a new constitution. 5. The “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution. 5. The “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution. 6. This keeps any branch of govt. from gaining absolute power. 6. This keeps any branch of govt. from gaining absolute power. 7. They wanted a weaker central government. 7. They wanted a weaker central government. 8. This called for the law-making body to be based on population 8. This called for the law-making body to be based on population 9. This determined how slaves would be counted towards representati0on and taxes. 9. This determined how slaves would be counted towards representati0on and taxes. 10. The first plan of govt. for the US. 10. The first plan of govt. for the US. 11. The Supreme Court. 11. The Supreme Court. 12. Makes the laws. 12. Makes the laws. 13. Interprets and applies the laws. 13. Interprets and applies the laws. 14. This wanted the law-making body to be based on equal representation. 14. This wanted the law-making body to be based on equal representation. 15. Executes and enforces the laws. 15. Executes and enforces the laws. 16. Divides the government into 3 branches. 16. Divides the government into 3 branches.

3. Why It Matters After the American Revolution, the new nation struggled to draw up a plan for government. Americans wanted to make sure the government did not have too much power. Eventually they came up with a way to balance federal and state power and to divide federal power into three branches. Promising to add a bill of rights helped win approval for the Constitution.

4. After the American Revolution What type of govt. would we have? What type of govt. would we have? Washington gives up command of the Continental Army Washington gives up command of the Continental Army Retires to Mount Vernon Retires to Mount Vernon Some wish he would become our King Some wish he would become our King

6. Mount Vernon

7. The US government The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation Written by John Dickinson in 1776 Written by John Dickinson in 1776 Adopted by 2 nd CC 1777 Adopted by 2 nd CC 1777 Ratified in 1781 Ratified in 1781 Confederation- an alliance of separate govts that work together Confederation- an alliance of separate govts that work together

9. Articles of Confederation 1 branch of govt. 1 branch of govt. Unicameral (one house) legislature Unicameral (one house) legislature Each state gets 1 vote (1 rep) Each state gets 1 vote (1 rep) 9/13 to pass laws 9/13 to pass laws 13/13 to amend articles 13/13 to amend articles

10. Articles of Confederation Can declare war, raise an army, and sign treaties and borrow money Can declare war, raise an army, and sign treaties and borrow money Negotiate trade with European countries Negotiate trade with European countries Can’t tax- have to rely on state taxes Can’t tax- have to rely on state taxes No executive authority to carry out laws No executive authority to carry out laws Only have state courts Only have state courts

11. Accomplishments of the Articles Won the American Revolution Won the American Revolution Negotiated Treaty of Paris Negotiated Treaty of Paris Land Ordinance of 1785 Land Ordinance of 1785 Surveying and selling land Surveying and selling land Township to set aside one section for public ed Township to set aside one section for public ed

12. Accomplishments of the Articles Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Set rules for creating new states Set rules for creating new states Granted limited self-government Granted limited self-government Outlawed slavery in the territory Outlawed slavery in the territory

14. Problems with the Articles Financial Financial Most war debts unpaid Most war debts unpaid US and states issue worthless paper money (inflation) US and states issue worthless paper money (inflation) Congress can’t tax or require payment from states Congress can’t tax or require payment from states

15. Problems with the Articles Foreign Foreign Countries don’t respect us Countries don’t respect us Can’t pay debts Can’t pay debts Trouble staying united Trouble staying united BR & SP expand interest in our western lands BR & SP expand interest in our western lands Can’t enforce Treaty of Paris (mistreat loyalists) Can’t enforce Treaty of Paris (mistreat loyalists)

16. Economic Weaknesses Have limited credit from not paying back debts Have limited credit from not paying back debts States impose duties on foreign goods States impose duties on foreign goods States tax other states States tax other states Threatens unity Threatens unity

18. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What weaknesses of the Confederation Congress led to a call for change in the United States government? The Congress Falters (cont.) (pages 159–162)

19. The Confederation Congress could not regulate commerce, so the states set up customs posts on their borders and levied taxes on other states’ goods to raise money. The federal government had no powers over the states, so it could not force the states to pay their debts to Britain or to return property to Loyalists, which was part of the Treaty of Paris. Congress had no way to raise money to pay these debts. The limited powers of the Confederation Congress prevented it from working out diplomatic solutions with Great Britain and Spain. The Congress Falters (cont.) (pages 159–162)

20. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

21. Concerns for a weak government Nationalists want to strengthen the govt Nationalists want to strengthen the govt National govt have power to control states National govt have power to control states George Washington, Ben Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton George Washington, Ben Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton Most Americans don’t agree Most Americans don’t agree Nationalists hold the Annapolis Convention in 1786 Nationalists hold the Annapolis Convention in 1786

22. Annapolis Convention

23. Discuss problems with the Articles Discuss problems with the Articles Have little support (only 5 states) Have little support (only 5 states) Agree to meet again in Philadelphia in 1787 Agree to meet again in Philadelphia in 1787

24. Shays’ Rebellion (RLH) 1. What led to Shays’ Rebellion? 2. What did Daniel Shays do? 3. How was the rebellion stopped? 4. What did General Henry Knox mean by “our government must be braced, changed, or altered to secure our lives and property”? 5. How would the Nationalists use the rebellion to get a stronger national government? Did all Americans think the Articles of Confederation was too weak?

25. Shay’s Rebellion Wealthy demand money back they had loaned to states Wealthy demand money back they had loaned to states Get states to pass high taxes Get states to pass high taxes MA passes a direct tax to be paid in gold MA passes a direct tax to be paid in gold Reminds people of BR Reminds people of BR Farmers ask for tax to be repealed Farmers ask for tax to be repealed Their lands are foreclosed Their lands are foreclosed

26. Shays (cont’d) Daniel Shays leads a rebellion against the tax collectors Daniel Shays leads a rebellion against the tax collectors Force courts to close Force courts to close Try to seize weapons from Springfield Arsenal Try to seize weapons from Springfield Arsenal MA army puts down the rebellion killing 4 MA army puts down the rebellion killing 4 Boost support for the Nationalists Boost support for the Nationalists

27. Daniel Shays

28. Shays’ Rebellion

30. Checking for Understanding (cont.) Describe the conditions that led to Shays’s Rebellion. When Massachusetts raised taxes to pay off debts, poor farmers in the western part of the state found it impossible to pay their taxes, mortgages, and other debts. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

31. Effects of the Rebellion Shows a commitment to defy authority of govts against the people Shows a commitment to defy authority of govts against the people Obvious steps must be taken to strengthen the national govt Obvious steps must be taken to strengthen the national govt All but 1 state comes to Philadelphia for the convention (RI) All but 1 state comes to Philadelphia for the convention (RI)

32. Shays’ Rebellion (RLH) What are the pros and cons of a strong central government? Why might Jefferson oppose having a strong central government? Why would the idea of poor farmers rebelling be scary to many people at the Constitutional Convention? Do you agree with Jefferson’s “tree of liberty” statement. Why might textbooks make it seem like everyone wanted a strong central government after Shays’ Rebellion?

33. Questions for the day Explain problems that may arise in a nation where states hold the supreme power. Explain problems that may arise in a nation where states hold the supreme power. Discuss why the states were afraid of centralized authority and a strong national government. Discuss why the states were afraid of centralized authority and a strong national government. What was the main problem with the system of representation by state (instead of population) as adopted by the Articles? What was the main problem with the system of representation by state (instead of population) as adopted by the Articles? Describe the weaknesses listed on page 149 and explain how they led to an ineffective government. Describe the weaknesses listed on page 149 and explain how they led to an ineffective government.