2. Roots of WWI  German industrialization and unification displaces balance of imperial power  Fierce competition for colonies and influence over non-industrialized regions of the world (mainly Asia and Africa)  Rise of the nation-state—impulse of self- determination

4. U.S. Neutrality  Recession-profit from supplying war effort  1910 census  Supply arms to food to both sides  US lends $; huge debate ensues over private financing of war  US shifts supply to Allied Forces

5. Travellers intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies are liable to destruction in those waters and that travellers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own Risk – Imperial German Embassy, Washington D.C. April 22, 1915 Game Changer: U-Boats

6. Lusitania Sunk by German Torpedo

7. Key Factors Lead US to War  American prosperity  Cultural identification  Political identification  Wilson in 2 nd term  Germans intent to sink ships supplying Britain  Zimmerman telegram  Russian Revolution March 1917

8. Course of War  1914-1917 comparable losses and gains  Use of aircraft  German air raids  Fall 1917 Russia pulls out  American forces bolster British and French morale  Austro-Hungarian military collapses from within  Ottomans pull out  Germany, suddenly isolated, agrees to armistice on 11/11/18

9. Domestic Impact of War  Ends Recession  US largest creditor nation  Government/business/labor cooperation  Executive branch expanded  Ethnic and Racial minorities enter military in greater numbers  Women enter in paid workforce at a higher rate – has direct impact on suffrage legislation  Political repression  Overproduction

10. Process of Peace  Jan 1918  Non-punitive peace  Self-determination  Agreement to be a member of League  1919  Makes Germany responsible for war  US doesn’t sign on – not a member of League  Refusal to restrict or adjust colonial boundaries or intentions  Mandates Wilson’s 14 pts Treaty of Versailles

11. Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau and Wilson at Versailles