1. Chapter Outline Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. Atlantic Slave Trade II. End of the Slave Trade in Africa III. Islamic Africa IV. Africans and European Settlement in Southern Africa V. African State Formation in Eastern and North-Eastern Africa

2. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Atlantic Slave Trade A. Beginnings 1441 — West Coast Portuguese 1637 — Elmina 7,000 / year Middle Passage Height, 1600–1700 1.5 million End Denmark, 1803 Britain, 1807

3. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Atlantic Slave Trade B. African States and the Atlantic Slave Trade Oyo Yoruba Alafin, king Oyo mesi, council Dahomey tributary to Oyo Asante Akan founder, Asantehene Osei Tutu (d. 1717) Kotoko Council Opoku Ware (c.1720–50) successor expansion > slave trade Kongo 1685 — Portuguese invade Kimpa Vita Kongo + Christian beliefs II. End of the Slave Trade in Africa A. Colonies Britain, Sierra Leone Freetown France, Gabon American Colonization Society Cape Mesurado > Liberia, 1847 B. Legacy

4. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Northwest Africa, 1500-1800 III. Islamic Africa A. Background North Africa Morocco Sultan Mulay Ismail (1672–1727) West African Savanna Sohghay, conquered by Morocco, 1591 Tuaregs, 1737 Kanem-Bornu Mai Idris Aloma (c.1542–c.1619) Islam Fulani holy men > jihad v. Jalonke rulers, 1725 Usman dan Fodio (1754–1817) jihad against Hausa, 1804 > Sokoto Caliphate Usman, Caliph Muhammad Bello (1781–1837) brother of Usman

5. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Southern Africa, 1500-1800 IV. Africans & European Settlement in Southern Africa A. Early History San and Khoikhoi Bantu, from 3rd C.E. > two groups Nguni — Swazi, Zulu, Xhosa Sotho/Tswana 16th Century British, Portuguese 1652, Portuguese 1650–1800, Dutch Colony 3-tiered society Company officials Plantation owners Boers trekboers > Khoikhoi territory 1795, British to Cape

6. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. Africans & European Settlement in Southern Africa B. African State Formation Mfecane (“the scattering”) Zulu Shaka (c.1786–1828) > Mthethwa ruled by Dingiswayo (c.1770s–1816) 1815, Zulu leadership 1816, succeeds Dingiswayo Basotho kingdom Moshoeshoe (c.1786–1870) to Thaba Bosiu, 1824 mafias, loans of cattle

7. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. C. The Great Trek 1806, British control Cape Colony 1836, British give lands to Xhosa kings > voortrekkers to veld > Orange Free State, Transvaal Moshoeshoe 1868, British protection 1877— Diamond discoveries Lord Carnarvon > against Zulu King Cetshwayo (c.1832–84) 1879, Zulu kingdom ended Cetshwayo exiled

8. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. State Formation in Eastern & North-Eastern Africa 17th Century — Portuguese support Mwene Mutapa A. Mutapa Kingdom fragmented Dombo (d. 1695) Changmire B. East Africa Bunyoro, Buganda Oman dates Busaids Zanzibar Sultan Sayyid Said (1791–1856) British domination 1890, protectorate

9. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. State Formation in Eastern & North-Eastern Africa C. East and Central Africa Transport trade New states firearms slave trade middlemen Mirambo (1840–84) Nyambezi Tippu Tip (c.1830–1905) Arab/Nyambezi Swahili identity consolidated Rwanda Twa Hutu (Bantu) Tutsi late 19th King Rwabugiri, leader of Nyiginya (Tutsi) conquest state Tutsi minority dominant

10. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. State Formation in Eastern & North-Eastern Africa (C. East and Central Africa) Ethiopia Emperor Za-Dengel 1607, Pedro Pais Emperor Susneyos (1604–32) Catholic, 1612 Fasilidis, son expels Jesuits 1635, capital at Gonder Era of the Princes, 1769–1855 Kasa Haylu > Emperor Téwodros II, 1855 1868, British besiege Maqdala British victory

11. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 19: Africa, 1650–1850 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. “The Myth of the Empty Land” George McCall Theal, map of southern Africa, late nineteenth century