1. Industrialization & Nationalism Chapter 23

2. Industrial Revolution Section 1

3. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain 1780s 5 Factors Agricultural practices Population growth Supply of money Natural resources Market supply

4. Cotton industry Flying shuttle James Hargreaves- spinning jenny Edmund Cartwright- water powered loom James Watt- steam engine Coal production Henry Cort- puddling

5. Railroads The Rocket Factories & labor system

6. Spread of Industrialization Europe North America Robert Fulton- Clermont Railroad

8. Reaction & Revolution Section 2

9. Congress of Vienna Klemens von Metternich Principle of legitimacy Balance of power

10. Conservative Order Conservatism Concert of Europe Principle of intervention

11. Forces of Change Liberalism Nationalism France- Charles X; Louis-Philippe Belgium, Poland, & Italy

12. Revolutions of 1848 French Revolution Louis-Philippe overthrown Constituent Assembly- universal male suffrage Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Louis-Napoleon) elected leader of France

13. Trouble in Germany German Confederation Revolutions in Central Europe Austrian Empire (multinational state) Revolts in Italy 9 Italian states Conservative rule reestablished because liberals too divided over goals

14. National Unification & National States Section 3

15. End of the Concert of Europe Crimean War Russia wanted land in the Balkans (controlled by the Ottoman Empire which was in decline) Give Russia access to Mediterranean Sea 1853- Russia invades Moldavia; Ottoman declare war on Russia; France & Great Britain declare war on Russia 1856- Russia seeks peace in the Treaty of Paris

17. Russia & Austria had been 2 main powers, now they were enemies Austria didn’t help Russia in the war because they also wanted the Balkans Russia lost & became isolated for 20 years or so Austria had no allies that were powerful Ended the Concert of Europe

18. Italian Unification King Victor Emmanuel II- king of Piedmont Camillo di Cavour- prime minister Giuseppe Garibaldi- Red Shirts September 21, 1870- Rome became capital of united Italy

19. German Unification Militarism King William I Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik Franco-Prussian War Kaiser

20. Reform in Europe Queen Victoria- Great Britain British North America Act (Canada) France Louis-Napoleon Plebiscite Second Empire

21. Austria Compromise of 1867 Russia Czar Alexander II Emancipation Alexander III

22. Culture: Romanticism & Realism Section 4

23. Romanticism Emphasized feelings, emotion & imagination Mary Shelley- Frankenstein Edgar Allen Poe- short stories Artists: art was reflection of inner feelings abandoned classical reason for warmth & emotion Eugene Delacroix- French Ludwig van Beethoven- composer

25. New Scientific Ideas Edward Jenner- small pox vaccine Louis Pasteur- germ theory Dmitry Medeleyev- periodic table Michael Faraday- electric current Secularization- indifference to religious consideration Charles Darwin- organic evolution; Origin of Species Natural selection- survival of the fittest

26. Realism Realism- viewing the world as it really is Gustave Flaubert- Madame Bovary Charles Dickens- Oliver Twist; David Copperfield, Tale of Two Cities Gustave Courbet- most famous realist artist