2. Energy

3. Question What does it mean when we say “that kid has a lot of energy?” It means that kid is “Active” and moving. How does that relate to work?

4. Energy How can you tell if someone has a lot of energy? How does that relate to work?

5. Lots v. Little Energy

6. Work and Energy Work –Moving an object by pushing it. –A transference of energy Energy: –The ability to do work (move both large or small objects) –It’s what causes change.

7. Force & Work

8. Work = Energy Notice that the formula’s for both work and energy are exactly the same with the exact same unit (J – Joules)

9. Two Types of Energy Potential – Stored Energy (NOT in motion) – The potential to do work – can be converted to kinetic energy –Depends on the objects position or shape Kinetic – Energy in motion –Depends on mass & velocity of an object

11. 6 Forms of Energy Mechanical (Physical Moving Objects) –Gravitational –Elastic (Spring) –Sound (Oscillation of air molecules) Heat (Kinetic Energy of Whole Motions of Atoms) Light (Photon Oscillations of Electric and Magnetic Fields) Chemical (Potential Energy in the Bonds between Atoms) Electrical (Kinetic Energy of Electrons found in Atoms) Nuclear (Potential Energy in the Bonds of Protons in the Nucleus) Large Objects Atomic Sized Objects

12. Mechanical Energy Moving large objects.

13. Three Forms of Mechanical Energy Gravitational Elastic Sound

14. Mechanical Energy Gravitational Energy: Gravity making the object move. Work = Weight x Height (work = Force x Distance) Potential Energy PE=mgh Kinetic Energy KE=1/2mv 2

15. Gravitational Potential Energy Potential energy = stored energy that could potentially be converted to kinetic energy. Something raised to a height has gravitational potential energy because gravity will pull it down and convert this stored energy to kinetic energy.

16. Mechanical Energy Elastic Energy: movement caused by bending or distorting. EKE = ½ mv2 EPE = kd 2 Work = Force x Distance

17. When a spring is compressed (not moving), it has elastic potential energy. When it is released into motion, it has elastic kinetic energy.

19. Mechanical Energy Sound = Movement of air back and forth as the wave goes through. Work = Force x Distance

20. Energy Due to Motion of Atomic sized particles

21. Heat / Thermal Energy = Heat Energy: (Thermal) Movement of the whole atom. (average kinetic energy) Think: Which of the two liquid samples has a higher temperature? WHY? Liquid B Liquid A Measurement of total movement of molecules (Kinetic Energy) Heat Energy is the form of energy that is related to the motion of atoms Heat energy is measured by “Temperature” So a higher temperature simply means that the atoms are hitting the thermometer fast & more often A higher temp. means more Kinetic Energy for the molecules! Work = Force x Distance

22. Heat / Thermal - Gas Atom Work = Force x Distance

23. Heat / Thermal - Solid/Liquid Atom Work = Force x Distance

24. Heat / Thermal Energy Heat or Thermal Energy: is the kind of energy that is related to and/or caused by fast moving particles that make up the material. Though lava moves fairly slow, the particles are moving very fast.

25. Light Electromagnetic (AKA – Light): –Movement of charged particles which induce WAVES of Electromagnetic radiation – AKA photons of Light!

26. Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of a stream of photons, which are massless particles each traveling in a wave-like pattern and moving at the speed of light.photonsspeed of light Each photon contains a certain amount (or bundle) of energy, and all electromagnetic radiation consists of these photons. The only difference between the various types of electromagnetic radiation is the amount of energy found in the photons. Radio waves have photons with low energies, microwaves have a little more energy than radio waves, infrared has still more, then visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and... the most energetic of all... gamma-rays. The electromagnetic spectrum can be expressed in terms of energy, wavelength, or frequency.

27. Light Energy from the motion of a moving charged particle in the atoms disturbs the electromagnetic fields which affects other charged particles in other atoms. Work = Force x Distance Electromagnetic Fields +/- Radiation

28. Light Spectrum

29. Examples

30. Chemical Energy stored in the bonds between the atoms. C C Work = Force x DistanceDemo: hold hands & snap release

31. Chemical Work = Force x Distance

32. Electric Energy: Electrical Energy: Motion (flow) of Electrons Lightning is Electric energy Electric energy “flows” through wires to our houses where we plug stuff in! These charges can be made to move through a wire Electricity is electric energy Work = Force x Distance

33. Other Examples of Electric Energy

34. Electrical Energy Comes from the movement (or flow) of Electrons from the atom Electrons from the outer edges of the Atom Work = Force x Distance

35. Nuclear Energy Energy stored in the bonds of protons in the nucleus. Nucleus of the Atom: Protons & Neutrons Comes from the Stored Energy from the Nucleus of the atom Work = Force x Distance

36. Nuclear Energy - Fission Work = Force x Distance Demo: Break hands apart – point out the release of energy from the break When a nucleus splits apart into smaller nuclei

37. Nuclear Energy - Fusion AKA Solar Energy Work = Force x Distance Demo: Clap – point out the release of energy from the collision When nuclei combine

38. Nuclear Energy - Fusion This slide is hidden and only to be shown to students who really express an interest in how fusion really works. Work = Force x Distance

39. Acronym Original List –Moving Large Stuff Mechanical –Grav, elast, sound –Moving Atomic Stuff Heat Light Chemical Electrical Nuclear MECH-’n Legs –Mechanical –Electrical –Chemical –Heat –Nuclear –Light –elastic –gravitational –sound I will wait for the sumo industrial strength walker

40. Class Activity Energy Posters Energy WS

41. EnergyDefinedExample Mechanical Any Large Object Moving – Forwards/Backwards/Up/Circle Car, Generator, ball, fan, blender, motor Electrical Any shock, zap, lightning’ish phenomenon Outlet, Battery, Lightning Chemical Any chemical reaction, fuel or explosion. Gas, food, sugar, fire Heat Anything that’s hot/cold CCR Light bulb, fire etc. Nuclear The sun Light Any form of radiation.ROY G. BIV, radio, mw, IR, VL, UV, XR, Gma Elastic Any bending, twisting or stretching of an object. Bending Ruler, stretching a rubber band. Gravitational Any falling object.Pendulum, falling ball. Sound Any noise.Rock concert.

42. When I get back we will have a contest to see who can list the types of energy the fastest. There will be a small prize for the winner!