1. QPA Review for 3 rd 9 Weeks

2. Chapter 10 Fresh Water

3. What percent of Earth’s water is salty? What percent is fresh? 70% of Earth’s surface is covered in water.

4. What percent of Earth’s water is salty? What percent is fresh? Answer: Salty: 97% Fresh: 3%

5. Why would someone drill into an aquifer?

6. Answer : Definition: Any underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water. Someone might need to drill for a well.

7. What is someone doing when they conserve water? Answer: Trying not to waste the fresh water we have.

8. What makes up a river system?

9. Answer: Tributaries (rills, streams, creeks), the main river, and the main body of water that it flows into.

10. Chapter 11 - Oceans

11. Describe the topography of the ocean floor. What features would you find there?

12. Describe the topography of the ocean floor. Answer: it is like land with mountain and hills, with valleys and river bed with plateau an volcano, etc. but only buried under sea.

13. What features would you find there? Answer: – Continental shelf – Continental slope – Abyssal plain – Seamount & volcanic islands – Mid-ocean ridge – Trench – Rift valley (deep ocean)

15. Would a river entering the ocean make the water more or less salty? Would water freezing at the poles make the remaining water more or less salty?

16. Would a river entering the ocean make the water more or less salty? Answer: Less salty – salinity decreases with added fresh water.

17. Would water freezing at the poles make the remaining water more or less salty?

18. Answer: More salty – salt would remain in the water after the fresh water froze.

19. What causes tides?

20. Answer : Interaction of the earth, sun and moon.

21. What is a surface current? What is a deep current?

22. What is a surface current? Answer: Surface current: occur at surface wind causes currents caused by friction between wind and water - wind pushes water Surface currents can be warm or cold.

23. What is a deep current? Answer: deep current: Deep below the ocean surface, these currents causes chilly waters to creep slowly across the ocean floor. These currents are caused by the differences in density of ocean water. Temperature causes water density differences. At the poles, colder denser water sinks. At the equator, warmer less dense water rises.

25. What determines the movement of each type of ocean current?

26. What determines the movement of each type of current? Answer: Solar Heating: causes water to expand. Winds: blowing on the surface of the ocean push the water Gravity: will tend to pull the water down the "hill" or pile of water. The Coriolis effect: cause the water to move to the right (in the northern hemisphere) around the mound of water.

27. Chapter 12 – The Atmosphere

28. How does air pressure change as one travels higher in the atmosphere? Does density change too?

29. Answer: 1) Temperature gets lower (until thermosphere) 2) Air pressure decreases 3) Density decreases

30. What is the difference between the three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation?

31. conduction What is the difference between the three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation? : When heat is transferred through contact, Answer : Conduction: When heat is transferred through contact, the substance itself does not flow; rather, heat is transferred internally, by vibrations of atoms and molecules. Electrons can also carry heat, which is the reason metals are generally very good conductors of heat.

32. convection What is the difference between the three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation? Heat transfer in the motion of fluids Answer: Convection: Heat transfer in the motion of fluids generally takes place via convection. Convection currents are set up in the fluid because the hotter part of the fluid is not as dense as the cooler part, so there is an upward buoyant force on the hotter fluid, making it rise while the cooler, denser, fluid sinks.

33. radiation What is the difference between the three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation? energy is transferred in the form of electromagnetic waves through space. Answer: Radiation: energy is transferred in the form of electromagnetic waves through space. Many kinds of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, microwaves, the light we see, X- rays, and ultraviolet rays.

35. Which type of air tends to sink? Which type of air tends to rise?

36. Which type of air tends to sink? Answer: Just as with hot and cold ocean currents, cold air will sink.

37. Which type of air tends to rise? Answer: Just as with hot and cold ocean currents, hot air will rise.

38. What causes high and low air pressure?

39. High vs. Low Atmospheric Pressure: A "high" is an area where the air's pressure is higher than the pressure of the surrounding air. A "low' is where the air pressure is lower. Meteorologists don't have any particular number that divides high from low pressure; it's the relative differences that count. The pressure is high at the surface where air is slowly descending As air descends, it warms, which inhibits the formation of clouds associated with good weather. The pressure is high at the surface where air is slowly descending - much to slowly to feel. And, this is going on over a large area, maybe a few hundred square miles. As air descends, it warms, which inhibits the formation of clouds. This is why high pressure is generally - but not quite always - associated with good weather. Low pressure areas tend to be stormy or rainy because air is ascending and water vapor is condensing to form clouds. Low pressure areas tend to be stormy or rainy because air is ascending and water vapor is condensing to form clouds.

40. High vs. Low Atmospheric Pressure

41. Chapter 13 Weather

42. What two things are necessary for cloud formation?

43. Answer: Clouds form when: 1) cooler temperatures for water vapor to condense. The air cools off enough for water vapor to turn back into liquid water (dew point) 2) particles for the vapor to condense onto. – Small particles have to be present for the water to condense on. (salt, soil, smoke)

44. Clouds are classified based on their: – Shape – Altitude – Each cloud is associated with a different type of weather.

45. What types of fronts form when air masses interact? Cold front Warm front Stationary front Occluded front Look here: Look here: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es2002/es2002 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scien ce/terc/content/visualizations/es2002/es2002 page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

46. What is a Storm? Answer: A violent disturbance in the atmosphere – Sudden changes in air pressure – Rapid air movements

47. What is a storm? Are you able to explain the difference between a thunderstorm, tornado, and hurricane?

48. Answer: hurricaneforms over warm water A hurricane forms over warm water, produces long periods of heavy rains and very strong winds, and is water fed. (they lose their power once they leave the ocean.) And usually covers huge areas. tornadoforms over land A tornado forms over land from thunderstorms, is wind fed and more localized. Thunderstormshort lived storm form in warm and humid air Thunderstorm: a short lived storm that produces brief downpours, thunder and lightning and sometimes hail. Thunderstorms form in warm and humid air either on land or water.

49. Chapter 14 ~ Climate

50. How does the location on a globe determine an area’s climate?

51. Answer: The tilt of the Earth, the temperature and precipitation of an area.

52. In the Northern Hemisphere, why are summer months warmer than winter months?

53. Why are summer months warmer than winter months? Answer: The Earth is tilted toward the sun during the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere and away from the sun in the Southern Hemisphere. During the winter months, (in the Northern Hemisphere) the Earth is tilted away from the sun; while in the Southern Hemisphere, the Earth is tilted toward the sun.

54. Why does Earth experience four seasons?

55. Answer: The tilt of the Earth as it revolves around the sun and amount of sunlight each part receives at different times of the year, causes seasons.

56. What is the difference between a solstice and an equinox?

58. Answer: Answer: equinoxes (which also occur twice a year), they occur at the points midway between the solstices, where the earth's axis of rotation points neither toward nor away from the sun. solstice the Northern Hemisphere, the summer solstice occurs at that point in the earth's orbit where the earth's axis of rotation points most TOWARD the sun, and the winter solstice occurs at that point in the earth's orbit where the earth's axis of rotation points most AWAY from the sun.

59. Where are the major climate regions of Earth located and what are their names?

60. Answer: Tropical Rainy: Windward side of the Hawaiian Islands Tropical Rainy: (Tropical Wet-and-Dry):Southern tip of Florida Dry (arid): California and the Southwest Dry (semi arid): The Great Plains Temperate Marine:Northern California to Southern Alaska Temperate Marine: Southern coast of California and around the Mediterranean Sea Temperate Continental: Humid Continental : Northeast and Midwest Temperate Continental: (subarctic) Alaska to eastern Canada Polar (Ice Cap): Greenland and Antartica Polar (Tundra): Northern Alaska, Canada, and Russia

61. Where are the major climate regions of Earth located and what are their names? Polar Zone: above 66.5 degree latitude Temperate Zone: between the 23.5 and 66.5 degree latitude Tropical Zone: between the 23.5 degree north and the 23.5 degree south latitude

63. seasonal temperatures precipitation Climate regions are classified according to seasonal temperatures and precipitation.