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Hamas FORMED IN 1987, AS AN OFF SHOOT OF THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD. THE NAME HAMAS IS AN ACRONYM FOR "HARAKAT AL-MUQAWAMA AL-ISLAMIA," OR ISLAMIC RESISTANCE.

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Presentation on theme: "Hamas FORMED IN 1987, AS AN OFF SHOOT OF THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD. THE NAME HAMAS IS AN ACRONYM FOR "HARAKAT AL-MUQAWAMA AL-ISLAMIA," OR ISLAMIC RESISTANCE."— Presentation transcript:

1 Hamas FORMED IN 1987, AS AN OFF SHOOT OF THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD. THE NAME HAMAS IS AN ACRONYM FOR "HARAKAT AL-MUQAWAMA AL-ISLAMIA," OR ISLAMIC RESISTANCE MOVEMENT IN ENGLISH. THE WORD "HAMAS" MEANS ZEAL, OR ENTHUSIASM, IN ARABIC. THEIR INTENTIONS, BASED ON THEIR CHARTER, CALLS FOR ESTABLISHING AN ISLAMIC PALESTINIAN STATE IN PLACE OF ISRAEL AND REJECTS ALL AGREEMENTS MADE BETWEEN THE PLO AND ISRAEL. FOUNDED BY : SHEIKH AHMED ISMAIL HASSAN YASSIN

2  Hamas enjoys strong financial backing from Iran (an estimated $20 - $30 million), private benefactors and Muslim charities in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states, Palestinian expatriates across the globe and American donors. Its budget has been estimated at $70 million and 85 percent of it reportedly comes from abroad; the remaining 15 percent is raised among Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. A number of Americans and U.S.-based charities have been implicated in funneling money to Hamas. It is estimated that Saudi Arabia continues to channel between $12 - $14 million to Hamas annually. At a June 2003 press conference, Adel al-Jubeir, a senior adviser to the Saudi Crown Prince, did acknowledge that many Palestinian institutions funded by the Saudis may be run or managed by the political wing of Hamas.  Syria remains a key center for Hamas operations, and the Assad regime provides support and protection to key Hamas leadership based in Damascus

3  Their Gripe is… Hamas members, like most Palestinian factions and political parties, insist that Israel is an occupying power, and that the group is simply trying to liberate the Palestinian territories.  In the end… The goal of Hamas is an Islamic fundamentalist Palestinian state. Its manifesto advocates the destruction of the state of Israel, and calls for the raising of "the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine.“  Their methods include but are not limited to … The group began carrying out suicide bombings on civilian and military Israeli targets in the mid 1990s. According to the Council on Foreign Relations, Hamas is believed to have killed more than 500 people in more than 350 separate terrorist attacks since 1993.  Hamas' military wing also utilizes the organization's social wing for indoctrination and recruitment. The social, cultural, religious and educational institutions of Hamas are well-known venues for anti-Israel and anti-Jewish hatred and serve as recruitment centers for Hamas suicide bombers.

4 Hezbollah  Formed in 1982 in response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.  Hizballah has focused on justifying its retention of arms by casting itself as the defender of Lebanon against Israeli aggression. Hezbollah was conceived by Muslim clerics and funded by Iran primarily to harass the Israeli occupation.  Founder/Leaders … Sayyad Abbas Musawi (1 st ), Hassan Nasrallahm, Naim Qassem (his deputy.), Mustafa Badr Al-Din  Money comes from Lebanese business groups, private persons, businessmen, the Lebanese diaspora involved in African diamond exploration, other Islamic groups and countries, and the taxes paid by the Shia Lebanese. Hezbollah says that the main source of its income comes from its own investment portfolios and donations by Muslims, however, Western sources maintain that Hezbollah actually receives most of its financial, training, weapons, explosives, political, diplomatic, and organizational aid from Iran and Syria

5  Their gripe…From the inception of Hezbollah to the present, the elimination of the State of Israel has been one of Hezbollah's primary goals.  Hezbollah is seen as a legitimate resistance organization that has defended Lebanon’s land against an Israeli occupying force and has consistently stood up to the Israeli army.  Methods of destruction… usually suicide bombings, or coordinated attacks by guerilla militants.  Recruitment/Membership … The Beqa’a valley, Beirut and southern Lebanon areas also offer a base for the recruitment of additional activists and fighters among the local Shi’ite populations. Usually the rhetoric of anything anit-Israeli stirs interest.

6 ISIS  Formation…The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)—formerly known as al-Qa‘ida in Iraq and Islamic State of Iraq—was established in April 2004 by long-time Sunni extremist Abu Mus‘ab al-Zarqawi, who the same year pledged his group’s allegiance to Usama Bin Ladin.  Intention … To build an Islamic State, requiring territory to remain legitimate, and a top-down structure to rule it. A Caliphate.  Leadership … Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (following the death of both Abu Ayyub al-Masri and Abu ‘Umar al-Baghdadi in April 2010)  Funding … Oil-smuggling, organized crime (forcing donations), looting the central bank and other smaller provincial banks, taxing and extorting the population.

7  Their Gripe is to build a radical Islamic state…We can gather that their state rejects peace as a matter of principle; that it hungers for genocide; that its religious views make it constitutionally incapable of certain types of change, even if that change might ensure its survival; and that it considers itself a harbinger of—and headline player in—the imminent end of the world.  In the end … to destroy anything that restricts their domination of their State.  Methods… Military offensive, terrorist bombings, guerilla or other tactics.  Membership … Radical Sunni Muslim willing to fight for their cause.

8 Boko Haram ► Existed in various forms since the late 1990’s. ► Their intention … A Nigeria-based group that seeks to overthrow the current Nigerian Government and replace it with a regime based on Islamic law. ► Muhammad Yusuf was the original leader, now Abubakar Shekau. ► Boko Haram funds its escalating acts of terror through black market dealings, local and international benefactors, and links to al-Qa’ida and other well-funded groups in the Middle East. Analysts say its fundraising apparatus is intricate and opaque. “The actual source of the funding is as elusive as the militants themselves,”

9  They resist the Nigerian Government.  They seek to overthrow the current Nigerian Government and replace it with a regime based on Islamic law. To create another state guided by radical Islam.  Methods…Boko Haram’s unprecedented levels of violence— including the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls in Borno State, Nigeria, in April 2014. IED’s, Guerilla tactics, abduction, etc.  Using this inclusive definition of “members,” two of Boko Haram’s newest recruitment profiles are of forcible conscripts, especially teenage boys and girls, and financiers, who are primarily businessmen, arms traffickers, and kidnappers in Cameroon. Also releasing prisoners.

10 Al-Qaida  Formed … Somewhere between August 1988 and 1989.  Intention … 1. Provoke the United States and the West into invading a Muslim country by staging a massive attack or string of attacks on US soil that results in massive civilian casualties. 2. Incite local resistance to occupying forces. 3. Expand the conflict to neighboring countries, and engage the US and its allies in a long war of attrition. 4. Convert al-Qaeda into an ideology and set of operating principles that can be loosely franchised in other countries without requiring direct command and control, and via these franchises incite attacks against the US and countries allied with the US until they withdraw from the conflict, as happened with the 2004 Madrid train bombings, but which did not have the same effect with the July 7, 2005 London bombings. 5. The US economy will finally collapse by the year 2020, under the strain of multiple engagements in numerous places, making the worldwide economic system, which is dependent on the U.S., also collapse, leading to global political instability, which in turn leads to a global jihad led by al-Qaeda, and a Wahhabi Caliphate will then be installed across the world, following the collapse of the U.S. and the rest of the Western world countries.

11  Leader … Osama bin Laden, now Ayman al-Zawahiri.  Funded … heroin trade and donations from supporters in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other Islamic countries, also personal wealth in Saudi Arabia.  Their Gripe… Some have argued that "without the writings" of Islamic author and thinker Sayyid Qutb, "al-Qaeda would not have existed.“ In the 1950s-60s, Qutb preached that because of the lack of sharia law, the Muslim world was no longer Muslim, having reverted to pre-Islamic ignorance known as jahiliyyah. To restore Islam, he said a vanguard movement of righteous Muslims was needed to establish "true Islamic states", implement sharia, and rid the Muslim world of any non-Muslim influences, such as concepts like socialism and nationalism. Enemies of Islam in Qutb's view included "treacherous Orientalists" and "world Jewry," who plotted "conspiracies" and "wickedly" opposed Islam.  In the end they want a Muslim controlled world.

12  Methods … Al-Qaeda has carried out a total of six major terrorist attacks, usually suicide or guerilla bombings. Four of them in its jihad against America. In each case the leadership planned the attack years in advance, arranging for the shipment of weapons and explosives and using its privatized businesses to provide operatives with safe houses and false identities. Al-Qaeda usually does not disburse funds for attacks, and very rarely makes wire transfers.  Recruitment… (myth) membership is from disillusioned Muslims who, infuriated by U.S. support for Israel or intervention in the Muslim world -- and beguiled by the idea of a universal caliphate -- go off to join the fight They've systematically tried to absorb regional jihadist start-ups

13 Tehrik-E Taliban (Pakistan)  Founded in the early 1990s.  Intention …The group seeks to establish an Islamic caliphate in Pakistan that would require the overthrow of the Pakistani Government.  Current leader… Mullah Fazlullah (thought kia in January 26, 2016)  Their Gripe… Their focus is in Pakistan/Afghanistan. They forced the Russians out, now they want to eliminate any western style state and to implement a Muslim state.  The Taliban’s first move was to institute a strict interpretation of Qur‘anic instruction and jurisprudence. Fazlullah is staunchly anti-Western, anti- Islamabad, and advocates harsh tactics underscored by his ordering the November 2012 attempted assassination of education rights activist Malala Yousafzai

14  Methods … Suicide bombing, assassins for hire. Some support for the Syrian Civil War.  They are always trying to recruit, however their methods of treatment of women have an ill affect on their numbers. They are also aligned with al-Qaida, so they share some recruitment members. However their numbers are not spreading as rapidly as they had in the past. Some show their influence as shrinking.


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