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Conflicts in the Middle East

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1 Conflicts in the Middle East
Chapter 17 Section 3

2 Middle East

3 Middle East—Land of Conflict
For decades, the Middle East has been the location of conflict Modern Israel was created in 1948 on land that had belonged to Palestinian Arabs following the UN Partition vote in 1947 As a result, there has been repeated war and violence between Israel and the Arab countries In several wars against Egypt and other Arab states, Israel gained more territory after defeating the Arab countries This is called the occupied territories – land that Arab states believes belongs to them

4

5 Israel’s War of Independence (1948)
Arab countries invaded Israel from Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt with the mutual goal of destroying Israel. Israel defeated these Arab armies in 1948.

6 Israel in 1947 and 1949

7 Palestinians The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), led by Yasir Arafat, fought against the Israelis In the occupied territories, Palestinians launched uprisings called intifadas In addition, suicide bombers spread terror inside Israel by blowing themselves up to kill innocent civilians The Israelis have responded with armed force to protect their citizens, and Palestinian bitterness increased Leaders such as Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, pushed for peace with the Palestinians over many years

8 Suicide Bomber

9 Suicide Bomber Training for an Attack

10 Yasir Arafat – leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
The PLO has been branded a terrorist organization by many countries.

11 Palestinian Intifada

12 Obstacles to Peace There were many stumbling blocks, however, such as disagreements over Jerusalem, a city sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims During the early 2000s, new steps toward peace offered some hope, but serious obstacles remained

13 Jerusalem

14 Lebanon Lebanon is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups
The government depended on a delicate balance among Arab Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shiite Muslims, and Druze In 1975, Christian and Muslim militias battled each other, and both Israel and Syria invaded Lebanon’s civil war lasted for 15 years, until 1990, when peace was finally restored Thousands of Lebanese died during the civil war

15 Lebanon

16 Lebanon’s Civil War

17 Iraq Conflicts also plagued Iraq
Iraq’s Sunni Muslim minority dominated the country for centuries and oppressed other Iraqi ethnic and religious groups The Kurdish minority and Shiite majority were excluded from power In 1979, Saddam Hussein seized power as dictator He fought a prolonged war against neighboring enemy Iran in the 1980s (Sept. 22,1980-August 20, 1988)

18 Saddam Hussein

19 Iraq

20 Distribution of Sunni and Shiite Muslims Worldwide

21 Iran-Iraq War

22 Iraq (continued) In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait to seize Kuwaiti oil fields In response, the USA led a coalition against that invasion In the Gulf War that followed, Kuwait was liberated and Iraqi forces were crushed Saddam Hussein remained in power and used terror to impose his will The USA, France, and Britain set up no-fly zones to protect the Kurds and Shiites from Hussein’s persecution and extermination

23 First Gulf War

24 First Gulf War

25 Oil Fields Set Ablaze During the First Gulf War

26 No Fly Zones in Iraq

27 Iraq (continued) The United Nations worked to keep Saddam Hussein from building biological, nuclear, or chemical weapons, called weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) In 2003, the United States led a coalition that invaded Iraq and overthrew Saddam Hussein Iraqi insurgents fought against the occupation that followed In 2005, national elections were held in Iraq for the first time Saddam Hussein was executed December 30, 2006

28 Weapons of Mass Destruction

29 Weapon of Mass Deception

30 Powerpoint Questions 1. What is the name of the land given to the territory Israel acquired over successive wars? 2. Who was the leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)? 3. Rebellious uprisings are called ?? 4. What Israeli leader pushed for peace despite these uprisings? 5. What city is claimed by Jews, Christians, and Muslims?

31 Powerpoint Questions 6. What event happened in Lebanon beginning in 1975? Explain. 7. Who seized power in Iraq in 1979? 8. What country did Iraq fight for 8 years? 9. What country did Iraq invade in 1990? 10. Why did Iraq invade this country? 11. Why did the United States led coalition establish a no-fly zone over Iraq? Explain.

32 Powerpoint Questions 12. What were the two no-fly zones called? (2 points) 13. Define weapons of mass destruction. 14. How did the USA address the Iraq problem in 2003? 15. What happened on December 30, 2006? 16. Critical thinking: What does the cartoon with George W. Bush suggest?

33 The End


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