1. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 What should we do with the Southern states ? PLAN 1: MODERATE REPUBLICAN PLAN (LINCOLN and his VP Andrew Johnson): 1. RESTORE the UNION immediately WITHOUT a focus on the rights of free blacks

2. PLAN 2 RADICAL REPUBLICANS want: 1. To punish the SOUTH 2. To guarantee rights for free blacks Lincoln was politically powerful and the radicals could not do what they wanted at first

3. MODERATE RECONSTRUCTION 1862-1866 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 10% PLAN: Let Rebel States back in the Union when 10% pledge loyalty Restore the UNION QUICKLY! 13 th Amendment: Abolishes slavery LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION ACTUALLY HELPS FREE BLACKS

4. Problems with Lincoln’s Plan Free Blacks do not get: –Economic support –Protection from southern whites –Land and supplies to farm on their own Lincoln was so eager to restore the Union he was willing to re-admit Southern states without guaranteeing the rights of free Blacks

5. MODERATE RECONSTRUCTION ends 1866! LINCOLN ASSASSINATED: New Pres: ANDREW JOHNSON Wants to continue LINCOLN’S PLAN POLITICALLY WEAK! JOHNSON LOSES CONTROL OF RECONSTRUCTION!!!!

6. RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION 1866-1876 Radicals gain control of Congress and RECONSTRUCTION Override all of Johnson’s vetoes Johnson impeached but not convicted

7. Achievements of RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION FREEDMAN’S BUREAU helps free blacks with food and housing 14 th Amendment: EQUAL protection ALL CITIZENS 15 th Amendment: Voting Rights ALL CITIZENS

8. Freedmen’s Bureau School

9. Black & White Political Participation Which states do you think had the first black government officials?

10. TRIUMPHS OF RECONSTRUCTION For a brief period: - FREE Black men could vote and hold office - Black men were even elected to Congress FREE Black men elected to the US Congress

11. Radical Reconstruction Falls Apart 1877 US Army removed from the SOUTH. White racist SOUTHERNERS TAKE Control of govt. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) intimidates free Blacks Southerners create BLACK CODES: Laws that restrict the freedom of free blacks (almost like slavery)

12. BIGGEST FAILURE OF RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION: Blacks were given POLITICAL freedom but never ECONOMIC FREEDOM Never got the supplies and training they needed Never given “40 acres and a mule” Blacks were forced to go back to work for their former masters