1. The 8 Stages of Genocide The killing of a group based on their religious beliefs, ethnicity, race, etc.

2. Propaganda Information, ideas, or rumors, deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.

3. 1: CLASSIFICATION All cultures have categories to distinguish people into "us and them.” ◦ethnicity, race, religion, or nationality: German and Jew ◦Classification is universally human and does not necessarily result in genocide. Is this seen at school? HOW? How can we stop this? Answer: ◦Institutions that transcend (go beyond) ethnic or racial divisions, that actively promote tolerance and understanding.

5. 2: SYMBOLIZATION We give names or other symbols to the classifications. “Jews" or "Gypsies", or distinguish them by colors or dress; and apply them to members of groups. Symbolization is universally human and does not necessarily result in genocide. How can we stop this?

7. 3: DEHUMANIZATION One group denies the humanity of the other group. Hate propaganda in print and on hate radios/TVs is used to vilify the victim group. Genocidal societies lack constitutional protection for opposing speech.

9. 4: ORGANIZATION Genocide is always organized, usually by the state. Special army units or militias are often trained and armed. Plans are made for genocidal killings. ◦As mentioned in #3, genocidal societies lack protection.

11. 5: POLARIZATION Extremists drive the groups apart. Extremist target moderates, intimidating and silencing the center. ◦The few who side with the oppressed would be silenced themselves! ◦Either join us or there are consequences for your actions.

12. 6: PREPARATION Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity. Death lists are drawn up. Members of victim groups are forced to wear identifying symbols. They are often segregated into ghettoes, forced into concentration camps, or confined to a famine-struck region and starved.

13. Mass Deportation from Turkey

15. 7: EXTERMINATION Extermination begins, and quickly becomes the mass killing. ◦The technical, legal term is "genocide.“ It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human. ◦Remember, you dehumanized them in #3. When it is sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias (local groups) to do the killing.

18. 8: DENIAL The perpetrators of genocide dig up the mass graves, burn the bodies, try to cover up the evidence and intimidate the witnesses. They deny that they committed any crimes, and often blame what happened on the victims. Nothing happens unless they are captured and a tribunal (trial) is established to try them.

19. Can genocide still occur today?

20. Bosnia Herzegovina 1995 – 1999 Serbian Orthodox ◦Leader: Slobodan Milosevic ◦Died: heart attack in prison Targeted Group(s): ◦Catholics and Muslims 200,000 Ethnic, Religious

21. Cambodia 1975 – 1979 Khmer Rouge (communist) ◦Leader: Pol Pot ◦Died: peacefully Targeted Group(s): ◦Class Enemies, Muslims, City People ◦Anyone against the regime ◦especially intellectuals Approx. 1.7 million return Cambodia to a peasant state

22. China 1949 – 1987 People's Republic of China (communist) ◦Leader: Mao Ze Dong ◦Died: peacefully ◦People’s Republic of China Army Targeted Group(s): ◦Anti-Mao, Muslims, Christians ◦Really anyone against Mao 40 million (30 million were from famine) Political, Class, Religious, Ethnic ◦Silence the Opposition!

23. Darfur (Sudan) 2003 – present Government, Janjaweed, Arab militias Targeted Group(s): ◦Non-Arab population 250,000 plus Ethnic, Political

24. Iraq 1961 – 2003 Government (Baath party) ◦Leader: Saddam Hussein ◦Died: found guilty and hung ◦Iraq Army, Presidential Guards Targeted Group(s): ◦Kurds and Shiites 190,000 Political, religious, ethnic

25. Uganda 2011 (if law passes) Government (Judicial Murder) ◦Copied American fundamentalist ◦In you know and don’t tell - JAIL Targeted Group(s): ◦Gay, lesbian, etc. 5% of population Lifestyle Choice

26. Sudan 1985 Government and Muslim Militia Targeted Group(s): ◦Animist and Christians 200,000 (estimate – think it is higher) ◦Millions Dislocated (removed/fled) Religious

27. Rwanda 1994 Rwandan Armed Forces and Hutu militia Targeted Group(s): ◦Tutsi ◦minority tribe ◦moderate Hutu 800,000 Political, Ethnic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09awlxuOMlM

28. Democratic Republic of the Congo 1997 – present Government, Congo Army, War Lord led militias Targeted Group(s): ◦Civilians 2.5 million Political, Ethnic, Economic, Civil War

29. Kosovo 1998 – 1999 Serbian Orthodox Christians Targeted Group(s): ◦Albanian Muslims 400,000 Displaced ◦Deaths unknown Ethnic, Religious