1. World War I Turning Points  Jan. 1916  Allies fail to take Gallipoli and re-supply Russia.  April 1917  United States enters the war on the side of the Allies.  Mar. 1918  Russia gets out of the war.

2. By late 1916, Russia is running out of everything. Mar. 1917 Czar abdicates. New gov. continues to fight war. Decline of Russian War Effort Nov. 1917 New govt. overthrown. Communists take over. Mar. 1918 New govt. gets Russia out of the war.

3. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Germany would sink any ships around Britain without warning Germany stopped U.S.W. earlier in the war. Why start again? –German crops failed by 1917 –U.K. blockaded Germany, makes food shortages worse

4. Countdown to U.S. Involvement  May 1915  Germans sink the Lusitania and two other U.S. ships.  Jan. 1917  Germans sink three more U.S. ships.  Feb. 1917  Zimmerman note  April 1917  United States enters the war

5. March 1918 Germany & Russia sign treaty that ends Russia’s involvement July 1918 Allies defeat Germans at the 2 nd Battle of the Marne. The Rapid end of World War I March 1918 Germany launches final attack in France.

6. Oct. 1918 Revolution in Austria-Hungary overthrows gov. Austria- Hungary is out of the war. The Rapid end of World War I Oct. 1918 Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria surrender.

7. Nov. 11, 1918 Germany signs an armistice which ends World War I. The Rapid end of World War I Nov. 9, 1918 Germ: Kaiser Wilhelm is forced to step down. New govt. is formed.

8. The Challenge of Creating Peace Leaders meet in Versailles, France to create a Treaty to spell out the conditions of peace. Germany was allowed to observe the conference. Russia was not even invited

9. The Challenge of Creating Peace The Big Four Woodrow Wilson Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando U.S. France Britain Italy

10. Two Schools of Thought  Wilson (US) wanted to go easy on Germany  Main focus was creating lasting peace  14 Points (peace proposal)  Clemenceau (French) wanted Germany to be punished  Main focus was revenge  Most agreed with Clemenceau

11. “To the victor, go the spoils.”  What does this quote mean?  Is it true?  Is it right?

12. The Challenge of Creating Peace The terms of the Treaty: Germany loses all colonies. Germany returns land to France. Limits on German army and navy. Germany forced to take blame for WWI. Germany pays $33 billion.