1. Musculature System

2. So what do muscles do?
Muscles move cows, snakes, worms and humans. Muscles move you!
Without muscles you couldn't open your mouth, speak, shake hands, walk, talk, or move your food through your digestive system.
There would be no smiling, blinking, breathing. You couldn't move anything inside or outside you.

3. Do I have lots of muscles?
On average, probably 40% of your body weight is in muscles.
You have over 630 muscles that move you.
Muscles can't push. They pull. Muscles often work in pairs so that they can pull in different or opposite directions.

4. How do muscles move?
The cells that make up muscles contract and then relax back to original size.
Tiny microscopic fibers in these cells compress by sliding in past each other like a sliding glass door being opened and then shut again.
The cells of your muscles use chemical energy from the food you eat to do this.
Without food, and particular kinds of nutrients, your muscles wouldn't be able to make the energy to contract!

5. Some muscles are known as "voluntary" -- that is, they only work when you specifically tell them to.
Do you want to say something? Or swing a bat? Or clap your hands? These are voluntary movements.
Others, like the muscular contracting of your heart, the movement of your diaphragm so that you can breathe, or blinking your eyes are automatic. They're called involuntary movements.
And how do any of these muscles move? Through signals from your nerves, and, in some cases, your brain, as well.

6. Can you hurt muscles? Yes
If you hear someone say that they "pulled" a muscle, they have, in fact, torn a muscle in the same way that you can tear a ligament or break a bone.

7. Muscle Facts
You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning.
Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day!
The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks.

8. 3 Types of Muscles 1. CARDIAC MUSCLE:
The cardiac muscles is the muscle of the brain itself.
The cardiac muscle is the tissue that makes up the wall of the heart called the mydocardium. Also like the skeletal muscles, the cardiac muscle is striated and contracts through the sliding filament method.
However it is different from other types of muscles because it forms branching fibers.
Unlike the skeletal muscles, the cardiac muscle is attached together instead of been attach to a bone.

9. 2. SKELETAL MUSCLE:
The skeletal muscle makes up about 40 % of an adults body weight.
It has stripe-like markings, or striations.
The skeletal muscles is composed of long muscle fibers.
Each of these muscles fiber is a cell which contains several nuclei.
The nervous system controls the contraction of the muscle.
Many of the skeletal muscle contractions are automatic. However we still can control the action of the skeletal muscle. And it is because of this reason that the skeletal muscle is also called voluntary muscle.

10. 3. SMOOTH MUSCLE:
Much of our internal organs is made up of smooth muscles.
They are found in the urinary bladder, gallbladder, arteries, and veins.
Also the digestive tract is made up of smooth muscle as well.
The smooth muscles are controlled by the nervous system and hormones. We cannot consciously control the smooth muscle that is why they are often called involuntary muscles.

13. DELTOID
ORIGIN Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle
INSERTION Middle of lateral surface of humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
ACTION Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate NERVE Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)

14. TRAPEZIUS
ORIGIN Medial third superior nuchal line, ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments to T12
INSERTION Upper fibers to lateral third of posterior border of clavicle; lower to medial acromion and superior lip of spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle
ACTION laterally rotates, elevates and retracts scapula. If scapula is fixed, extends and laterally flexes neck
NERVE Spinal accessory nerve (C1-5)(spinal nerves C3 and C4 for proprioception)

15. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
ORIGIN Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle
INSERTION Lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of superior nuchal line
ACTION Flexes and laterally rotates cervical spine. Protracts head when acting together . Extends neck when neck already partially extended
NERVE Spinal accessory nerve (lateral roots C1-5)

16. PECTORALIS MAJOR
ORIGIN Clavicular head-medial half clavicle. Sternocostal head-lateral manubrium and sternum, six upper costal cartilages and external oblique aponeurosis
INSERTION Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus and anterior lip of deltoid tuberosity
ACTION Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration
NERVE Medial pectoral nerve (from medial cord) and lateral pectoral nerve (from lateral cord) (C6, 7, 8)

17. EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
ORIGIN Anterior angles of lower eight ribs
INSERTION Outer anterior half of iliac crest, inguinal lig, public tubercle and crest, and aponeurosis of anterior rectus sheath
ACTION Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intraabdominal pressure and, with muscles of opposite side, abducts and rotates trunk
NERVE Anterior primary rami (T7-12)

18. GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line and posterior third of iliac crest lumbar fascia, lateral mass of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx
INSERTION Deepest quarter into gluteal tuberosity of femur, remaining three quarters into iliotibial tract (anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia)
ACTION Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee extended via iliotibial tract
NERVE Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,2)

19. GLUTEUS MEDIUS
ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle gluteal lines
INSERTION Posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur
ACTION Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walking
NERVE Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1)

20. BICEPS FEMORIS
ORIGIN Long head: upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head:middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur INSERTION Styloid process of head of fibula. lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle
ACTION Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip
NERVE Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve. Short head: common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve (both L5, S1)

21. PERONEUS LONGUS
ORIGIN Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula , head of fibula and superior tibiofibular joint INSERTION Plantar aspect of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform, passing deep to long plantar ligament
ACTION Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches
NERVE Superficial peroneal nerve (L5,S1)

22. TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
ORIGIN Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane
INSERTION Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
ACTION Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot
NERVE Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5)

23. VASTUS LATERALIS
ORIGIN Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum
INSERTION Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia
ACTION Extends knee
NERVE Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)

24. VASTUS MEDIALIS
ORIGIN Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum
INSERTION Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia
ACTION Extends knee. Stabilizes patella
NERVE Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)

25. TRICEPS
ORIGIN Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. lateral head: upper half posterior humerus (linear origin). medial head: lies deep on lower half posterior humerus inferomedial to spiral groove and both intermuscular septa
INSERTION Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and posterior capsule
ACTION Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension
NERVE Radial nerve (C7, 8) (from posterior cord ), four branches

26. LATISSIMUS DORSI
ORIGIN Spine T7, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of all lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar fascia, posterior third iliac crest, last four ribs (interdigitating with external oblique abdominis) and inferior angle of scapula
INSERTION Floor of bicipital groove of humerus after spiraling around teres major
ACTION Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration
NERVE Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) (from posterior cord)