1. OPEN DAYS 2008 – European Week of Regions and Cities
The CONTRIBUTION of
the BALTIC ECO-ENERGY CLUSTER (BKEE)
to the DEVELOPMENT of RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
in NORTHERN POLAND
J. Kiciński, J. Mikielewicz,
P. Lampart, D. Butrymowicz
Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk
Brussels, 6-9 October 2008

2. CONTENTS
RENEWABLE ENERGY – GENERAL
BKEE – GENERAL
BKEE – RESEARCH PROJECTS
BKEE – INFRASTRUCTURE and CUSTOMER
IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS

3. 1.5 MLN ha of CORN YIELDS 7.5 BLN M3 of BIOMETHANE, EQUIVELENT of
RENEWABLE ENERGY
TRENDS for EUROPE:
FAMOUS 3x20% BY YEAR 2020,
DISTRIBUTED COGENERATION of FUEL, HEAT and ELECTRCIC POWER,
LESS FUEL IMPORTS from NON-DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES
MOST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY
 GASIFICATION (FERMENTATION) of ENERGETIC PLANTS and
CONVERSION of BIOMETHANE for COGENERATION of HEAT AND ELECTRIC ENERGY
 EFFICIENCY of PRIMARY ENERGY CONVERSION IN EXCESS of 85%
TRENDS for POLAND until YEAR 2020
 RENEWABLE ENERGY from BIOMASS (78%), WIND and HYDRO (22%)
 POTENTIAL OF POLISH ENERGY AGRICULTURE:
 FAST TRANSFORMATION OF 2-3 MLN ha of WASTE LANDS (10-15% of FARM LAND)
 FINALLY: 4-6 MLN ha with no loss to FOOD PRODUCTION
1.5 MLN ha of CORN YIELDS 7.5 BLN M3 of BIOMETHANE, EQUIVELENT of
CURRENT POLISH IMPORTS of NATURAL GAS

4. 2.5-3 % 7.5 % 2000 2006 2010 PROSPECTS and STRUCTURE
Biomass
1.6%
Wind
0.3%
2000
PROSPECTS and STRUCTURE
Of RENEWABLE ENERGY
in POLAND
Hydro
98.1%
2006
Biomass
46%
Hydro
48%
2.5-3 %
Contribution of renewable energy
in production of electric energy
Wind 6%
Hydro
16%
2010
7.5 %
Biomass
53%
Wind
31%

5. CFHP - Small and Medium Scale Combined Production
DISTRIBUTED COGENERATION
CFHP - Small and Medium Scale Combined Production
of Fuel, Heat and Power

6. BALTIC ECO-ENERGY CLUSTER
contains 36 entities
THE LARGEST ECOENERGY
CLUSTER in POLAND!!
LOCAL
AUTHORITIES
REGIONAL
INNOVATION
STRATEGY
BKEE
SCIENCE
COMPANIES
GOLDEN TRIANGLE

7. Actions taken by BKEE oriented on:
Main mission of BKEE
 introduce and promote a widely understood idea of distributed co-generation, i.e. simultaneous small and medium scale production of thermal energy and electricity from renewable energy sources, mainly biomass, but also by converting water, solar and wind energy.
Actions taken by BKEE oriented on:
reducing the proportion of fossil fuels as the primary energy sources, with simultaneous significant increase of the use of bio-fuels and other sources of renewable energy,
stimulating development of green energy related new technologies and training specialists,
assistance in starting production of facilities and systems for bio-energy industry,
promoting and supporting energy saving technologies,
developing ecological awareness, and professional activation of rural area residents.

8. Main beneficiaries of BKEE activity:
 business people investing in agro energy complexes, cogeneration micro power plants, and other renewable energy based power plants,
 producers of facilities and installations for agro energy complexes and micro power plants; including innovation and implementation oriented businesses,
 energetic plant planters and biofuel producers providing energy for agro energy complexes,
 local authorities - by meeting energy needs of residents, increasing employment and tax incomes, promoting the region,
local communities interested in environment protection - by reducing the emission of harmful substances to the atmosphere,
 groups of scientists - by gaining extra financial resources for scientific research.

9. Operational Programme: Innovative Economy (POIG) BKEE Projects
R&D PROJECT 1
„MODEL AGROENERGY COMPLEXES IN DISTRIBUTED COGENERATION OF HEAT AND POWER”
R&D PROJECT 2
„COGENERATIVE FUEL, HEAT AND POWER (CFHP) STATIONS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY ”
Project head: Prof. J. Kiciński

10. Interregional Cooperation Programme INTERREG IV C
OTHER BKEE PROJECTS
The Baltic Sea Bioenergy Promotion Programme
under
Interregional Cooperation Programme INTERREG IV C 1
Reduction of CO2 emission in northern Poland by strengthening the R&D potential in eco-energy field 2
7 FP
Border-free enegry care – Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation NORWEGIAN FINANSE MECHANISM 3

11. FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF PROJECTS
ECOENERGY CFHP STATIONS
BIOMASS CFHP STATIONS
BIOGAS REACTOR
INTEGRATED
RAFINERY
MULTI-FUEL
BURNER
MICROTURBINE ORC
(LOW-TEMPERATURE
BOILING MEDIA)
FINAL EFFECTS: PROTOTYPES, DEMOS, CUSTOMER IMPLEMENTATIONS
SMALL PHOTOVOLTAIC STATIONS
MICRO WIND TURBINE STATIONS
INTELIGENT
ECOENERGY
MICROGRIDS
ELASTIC MANAGEMENT
of SUPPLY
and DEMEND
MICRO HYDRO POWER
STATIONS
HYBRID
SYSTEMS:
SOLAR AIR-
CONDITIONING
FULE CELLS
Cheap wind turbine for
Individual customers
Low head hydro turbines

12. BIOMASS STATION: CFHP ORC Electric energy receivers
Biogas reactor
biomethanol
freeze
pure H2
Electric energy receivers
Microturbine ORC
90°C
Generator
Biorafinery
biomethanol
biomethane
oil
bioethanol
gas synthesis
hot water
Heat receivers
wood, pellets
oil
Low-boiling
medium
Multi-fuel burner
50°C
coal

13. Why ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) ? Innovation of ORC – scientific input
(low-boiling medium)
Possibility to use low-temperature heat sources,
 Possibility to use biogas and biomass,
 Possibility to utilise recovery heat,
 Modular construction,
 Possibility of trigeneration, operation with diesel engine, gas turbine, fuel cells
Innovation of ORC – scientific input
Vapour Rankine cycle with a turbine working on low-boiling fluid in a specific power range,
 Innovative design of multi-fuel burner operating with ORC,
Innovative design of high-rotating turbogenerator, technology of high-rotating bearings,
Innovative design of micro heat exchangers,
Application of new simulation methods of flow and dynamic system,
new methods of diagnostics of technical state of the system,
Utilisation of recovery heat for production of freeze.

14. Why biogas (biomethane) from fermentation ?
 Biogas obtained in the process of non-oxide fermentation can be a substitue for natural gas for local energy use;
 Production of biomethane is clean for the environment,
 Biomethane has the EROEI factor higher than plant oils.
Innovation of biogas technology - scientific input
 New technologies of production of energy plants and new models of chain supply of biomass;
New technologies of fermentation depending on the type of plant biomass input parameters;
Upgrade of biogas for fuel cell usage.

15. PHILOSOPHY of POLIGENERATION
Now: modernisation of heat stations
Heat receivers
coal
biomass
Future: poligeneration mCHP ORC
electric energy
biomass
heat
biogas reactior
freeze

16. Cogeneration allows for full application
of exergy (temperature potential)
985oC
900 K
85oC
80 kW of heat
Fuel needed
In separate production
20 kW of electr. energy from power station (33% en. eff.)
80 kW of heat + 20 kW of electr. energy from CHP (20 % en. eff.)
Fuel needed
In cogeneration

17. Gain appr. 70% mCHP ORC – Energy and economic efficiency 53% 47%
Energy efficiency
electric energy 20%
heat 80%
biomass
Economic efficiency
53%
COGENERATION (HEAT and ELECTRIC ENERGY)
Gain appr. 70%
47%
GENARATION of HEAT

18. Local societies, medium enterprises
Micro CHP market segments
Modular CHP station
Segment 1
Individual customers
Segment 2
Local societies, medium enterprises
Heat power 20 kW
Heat power Nx200 kW
Electric power 4 kW
Electric power Nx40 kW

20. for individual customers
Micro Wind Turbine
for individual customers
Why wind turbines ?
Best wind conditions in Nothern Poland
Many potential users of wind turbines
Low investment at mass production
Innovation
Vertical axis turbine
Horizontal axis turbine
New designs of rotors with vertical and horizontal axis
Cheap, light and easily mounted column
Production and storage of energy
Power range
Main interest - 3 kW – sold in supermarkets
Customer tailored 10 – 15 kW
Professional ~ 500kW

21. Micro hydro power: Low-head turbines
Why small hydro power
should be developed?
Head structure in Poland -
almost 50% are low-head objects, not used
Innovation
New blading systems of high a rotation coefficient,
Control system for adjustable rotational velocity,
New design methods,
Optimisation of usage of water resources.
Low-head hydro turbine parameters:
 Head: H = (1.5 – 4 ) m sł. wody
Flow: Q = (0.3 – 12) m3/s
Power: Pe = (10 – 350) kW
Expected efficiency: h = (75 – 85)%
Rotation coefficient: nSQ = ( )

22. Photovoltaic ?
Photovoltaic systems can be integrated with buildings (BIPV)
Photovoltaic systems can be part of hybryd systems operating
with wind turbines and fuel cells
Goals:
Determination of the possibility and effectiveness of utilisation of sun radiation
for energy production in Northern Poland;
Optimisation of energy systems and microgrids;
Elaboration of strategy for the development of photovoltaic in Poland

23. Electric energy receivers Low-head hydro turbine
Hybrid systems:
photovoltaic + wind turbine + low-head hydro turbine + fuel cells + energy store
Electric energy receivers
Low-head hydro turbine
Solar air-conditioning
Photovoltaic
moduls
Low-temperature
Fuel cells PEM
Electric power 8 KW
Heat power 3 KW
Heat receivers
Wind turbine
WIND
8KW
Electric energy
storage and
conversion
Compressed air
store
3 KW
hydrogen
High Temperature
Fuel Cell SOFC (800°C)
Biogas reactor
oxygen
Biomethane
Production of H2 O2
Energy store
hydrogen + oxygen

24. LABORATORIES, DEMOS AND CUSTOMER IMPLEMENTATIONS
Complementary projects
1.3. R & D
POIG: R & D Infrastrukture PRIORITY AND ACTION:
1.4. Implementation of R & D results
R & D
„COGENERATIVE FUEL, HEAT AND POWER
STATIONS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY ”
POIG 1.3
R & D Infrastructure
„MICRO CHP LABORATORY”
POIG 2.1
POIG 1.4
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Implementation of R & D results
„LOW-HEAD HYRDO POWER STATION ”
BENEFICIARY:
ENERGA SA, ZRE GDAŃSK
Implementation of R & D results
„ MICRO CHP STATION”
BENEFICIARY:
ENERGA SA
BENEFICIARY:
ENERGA SA
Implementation of R & D results
„BIOGAS REACTOR COMPLEX in ORNETA”

25. On the way to an agro-energy complex
IMPLEMENTATIONS
On the way to an agro-energy complex
Poligeneration based on biomass - Complex in w Jezierzyce
Cogeneration unit of power 100 kWe i 200 kWt
Easy set-up
Easy co-operation with a heat pump for freeze production
Generator driven by a gas turbine
Demand for heat guaranteed

26. Complex in Jezierzyce: Effects
100% increase of demand for biomss, up to 12 – 13 thousand GJ/a
CO2 emission reduction– 500 t/year
Considerable finansial and strategic effect – no need for supply from outside sources
Development of biomass logistics
5. Competence centre (for renewable energy) open for people
6. Contact with school and scientific centres – practical training for pupils

27. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION27