1. INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Damon Burton & Andy Gillham
University of Idaho

2. What are the 2 sport psychologies?

3. What does Martens think about orthodox science? Why?

4. What is objectivity?
Why does Kuhn and Polyani think this doctrine is false?

5. How does science evolve?

6. What is the difference between the leap and the creep approaches?

7. What is reductionism? Is it a good paradigm?

8. What is DK Theory?

9. DK THEORY Damn Konfident
Scientific Method (Using the Heuristic Paradigm)
Systematic Observation
Single Case Study
Shared (Public) Experience
Introspection
Intuition
Don’t Know

10. What is the difference between idiographic and nomothetic methods?

11. What other types of experiential knowledge could be used more in sport psychology?

12. What are the roles of basic” and “applied” research?
What balance should there be between these 2 types of research?

13. KINESIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Kinesiology – study of human movement
Kinesiological psychology -- psychological study and ramifications of human movement
Motor Learning
Motor Development
Kinesiological Psychology
Social Psych of Physical Activity
Sport Psychology

14. KINESIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Motor Learning -- study of motor behavior from a learning psychology perspective.
Motor Development -- study of motor behavior from a developmental psychology perspective.
Social Psychology of Physical Activity -- study of how social psychological variables influence motor behavior and new movement patterns and visa versa.
Sport Psychology -- study of human motor behavior in a sport context.

15. FUNDAMENTAL AXIOMS OF SCIENCE
reality of space
reality of time
reality of matter
quantifiability of matter
belief that space is real
belief that time is real
belief that matter is real
what exists, exists in some amount
what exists, and even relationships between existing phenomena, are amenable to observation and measurement

16. FUNDAMENTAL AXIOMS OF SCIENCE
consistency in the universe
The universe is organized in an orderly manner
There is regularity, constancy, consistency, and uniformity in the operation of the universe

17. FUNDAMENTAL AXIOMS OF SCIENCE
Intelligibility of the Universe
Determinism
Empiricism
Science holds that we can observe, know, and understand the universe in which we live.
All events are determined or caused.
Knowing is the result of first-hand, direct original observation.
Information derived from Lachman (1960)

18. POLANYI’S TRIAD OF KNOWLEDGE
Focal Target (Problem)
Subsidiary Awareness (Clues)
Person (Links the 2 Together)

19. OPERATING CONCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE
Scientists must remain impersonal, impartial, and detached in making observations and in interpreting data; the scientists must maintain a disinterested attitude
Science is not moral or immoral; it is amoral
Concept of Objectivity
Concept of Amorality

20. OPERATING CONCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE
Concept of Caution
Concept of Skepticism
Scientists must maintain meticulous caution and painstaking vigilance in their methods
Scientists reject the notion of absolutism; refuse to acknowledge authoritarianism or dogmatism as a source of knowledge, even the data of science are viewed as tentative

21. OPERATING CONCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE
Science strives to build and test theory
Science should be conservative in stating the implications of its data; the data should be interpreted in the simples, most succinct form possible
Concept of Theory Construction
and Utilization
Concept of Parsimony

22. OPERATING CONCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE
Science strives to reduce specific data to succinct statements of consistency
Reductionism demands that generalizations be specified in terms of precise mathematical formulae
Concept of Reductionism

23. HARLAN CLEVELAND (1985)
Cleveland provides a complementary way of looking at knowledge. He says there are four key terms related to knowledge: data, information, knowledge, and wisdom.
Data are undigested observations, unvarnished facts.
Information is organized data.
Knowledge is organized information, internalized by me, integrated with everything else I know from experience or study or intuition, and therefore useful in guiding my life.
Wisdom

24. HARLAN CLEVELAND (1985)
“Wisdom,” Cleveland states, “is integrated knowledge, information made super useful by theory, which relates bits and fields of knowledge to each other, which in turn enables me to use the knowledge to do something” (p. 23).
This is what Polanyi calls the “tacit dimension.”