1. Attacks on Civil Liberties
In the 1920’s

3. Teacher Instructions
Copy 1-per-student Anti-Immigrant Movement in the 1920’s (slides 2 & 3)
You may want to also give out a copy of Costa’s Level of Questions (slide 5) or refer to it if necessary.
When they are asked to create a question about the picture, call on a student to ask their question and another student to answer the question.
Have students complete the pictures at home. This will force the students to review the lecture notes.
You may also want to also give the worksheet: Attacks on Civil Liberties as a homework assignment or for the students to follow along instead of the notes template.
Approx. time = 55 minutes.

7. Pair-Share:
Congress shall make no law…abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press” (First Amendment 1791)
What do you think this statement means?
What is the difference between civil liberties and civil rights?

8. The listing of the general rights of the people can be found in the first ten amendments in the Constitution, also known as the Bill of Rights.
The term civil rights is sometimes reserved for those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people.
In general, civil liberties are protections against government.
They are guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from arbitrary acts of government.

9. CA Standard
Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's "back-to-Africa" movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.

10. Objective
Students will be able analyze the events that prompted the attacks on Civil Liberties by creating and answering diverse levels of questions.

11. Essential Question
What events, interests, and philosophies prompted attacks on civil liberties during the 1920’s?

12. Key Words Nativism Red Scare Birth of a Nation
To be in favor of Native born (white) Americans
Red Scare
Red symbolized Communism
Fear of Communism in America
Birth of a Nation
Popular movie which promoted the superiority of the white race

13. Film Clip: Post War Intolerance
How were civil liberties violated during the 1920’s?

14. Post-War Victory Parade

15. Image #1
Level 1 Question________________________________

16. National Origins Act of 1924
Background: 1 million immigrants entered the U.S. from
The new law allowed only 150,000 immigrants a year into the US every year
It also favored immigrants from Northwestern Europe (England, Ireland, and Germany,)
Immigrants from Asia and Africa were not allowed into the U.S.
Purpose of Act: To discriminate against CERTAIN immigrants

17. How were civil liberties suspended?

18. Image #2
Level 2 Question________________________________

19. Ku Klux Klan Rose to power in the 1920’s Estimated 4 million members
In favor of “nativism” (White Americans)
Purpose: racism towards African Americans, anti-Jews, anti-immigrants

20. Film clip: Nativism & KKK
How did the KKK take away people’s civil liberties?

21. The Ku Klux Klan
Pair-Share: Why do you think the KKK grew in membership during the 1920’s?

22. The Ku Klux Klan Why do you think the KKK wore the uniforms they did?
Why do you think some of them wore masks?

23. Lynching

24. “Strange Fruit” Lyrics
Southern trees bear a strange fruit
Blood on the leaves, and blood at the root
Black bodies swingin’ in the southern breeze
Strange fruit hangin’ from the poplar trees
Oh, oh, oh
Pastoral scene of the gallant south
Of the bulgin’ eyes and the twisted mouth
Scent of magnolia, sweet and fresh
And the sudden smell of burning flesh
Here is a fruit for the crows to cluck
For the rain to gather and for the wind to suck
Fro the sun to rot, for the trees to drop
Oh, here is a strange and bitter crop

25. Song: “Strange Fruit” What is the mood of the song?
How does the song make you feel?
What is the “strange fruit” the song speaks of?
How does this song describe the horrors of lynchings?
What do you think those involved in writing and performing this song hoped to accomplish?
Do you think their goals were realized in the 1920’s?

26. How were civil liberties suspended?

27. Image #3
Level 1 Question________________________________

28. Sacco and Vanzetti
Background: Sacco and Vanzetti were Italian, Catholic, anarchist immigrants accused of murder
They did not receive a fair trial, judge was biased against immigrants
Sacco and Vanzetti were executed
Purpose: Symbol of distrust for immigrants

29. Sacco and Vanzetti

30. Film Clip: Sacco and Vanzetti
What was a major reason why many people feared foreigners in the 1920’s?

31. How were civil liberties suspended?

32. Image #4
Level 2 Question________________________________

33. Pair-Share
Describe what you see in this cartoon.
What is the topic of this cartoon?
What is the author’s opinion expressed in this cartoon?

34. The Scopes Trial
The Scopes Trial was fought over teaching evolution in schools.
Evolution in public schools used to be illegal
ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) hired Clarence Darrow to defend Johns Scope and his ability to teach evolution.
Scopes was found guilty by William Jennings Bryan and evolution remained illegal in schools.

35. The Scopes Trial

36. Film Clip: The Monkey Trial
Why do you think the jury in this case sided with the Fundamentalist Christians?

37. Pair-Share
Describe what you see in this cartoon.
What labels do you see and what do they mean?
Who does the title refer to?
What is the author trying to express?

38. Image #5
Level 3 Question________________________________

39. Palmer Raids
Background: Fear that communism would spread to America and overthrow democracy
Mitchell Palmer arrested 10,000 people (mostly immigrants) who were suspected of being communists
People who were arrested were denied basic rights under the Bill of Rights and were deported

40. Describe what you see in this cartoon.
Pair-Share
Describe what you see in this cartoon.
What labels do you see and what do they mean?
Who does the title refer to?
What were most Americans in fear of in the 1920’s? Why?
Put Them Out and Keep Them Out Literary Digest, 10/25/19. Originally from the Philadelphia Inquirer (Morgan). political cartoon

41. How were civil liberties suspended?

42. Wrap-Up
What do you think American’s will do in response to the attack on civil liberties?
Homework: As you review your lecture notes, create pictures to represent each event.