1. The Effects of WWI
Social Studies 10

2. Do Now
What do you think happens to the losers of a war?

3. So now that we know how the war started and what happened….
What happened AFTER the war?

4. Questions to answer today
1. How did WWI change Europe?
2. How might the nations of the world prevent another world war?

5. Words to know:
Fourteen Points: U.S. President Wilson’s 14 ideas about what countries should do to stay peaceful.
Self-determination: the right countries in Europe have to be their own nation. Ex: U.S.A. became independent
League of Nations: A group of countries that worked for peace after WWI.
Buffer zone: Area of land that separates enemy nations
Reparations: Payments the loser of a war has to make to help other countries recover.
Mandates: land in one area that is under the control of another country. Ex: Iraq was a mandate of Great Britain after WWI.
Woodrow Wilson: The president of the U.S. when World War I ended.
Rhineland: buffer zone between France and Germany.
Treaty of Versailles: Peace agreement made in France after WWI that punished Germany for the war.

6. Treaty
A treaty is a peace agreement. Have you ever gotten in a fight with someone? How did you make peace? How do you think countries make peace treaties after war? Do you think that after a peace agreement is made, both sides are completely happy?
Take 3-5 minutes to answer in your journals

7. Drawing up the treaty
The leaders of Italy, France, Great Britain and Woodrow Wilson from the U.S. led talks to answer 2 questions
1. How can we prevent future wars?
2. and who should take responsibility for the damage of World War I?

8. Meeting in France: The Treaty of Versailles
In 1919, the leaders of Italy, France, Great Britain and U.S.A. met in Versailles, France to talk about those 2 questions.
The leaders together were known as: The Big Four

9. I. The Big Four

10. I. The Big Four United States – Wilson
1.“Peace without victory”: no winner or loser – treat all countries fairly
2. 14 Points
A. fourteen ideas
B. plan to prevent future wars
3. “Stubborn” and Idealist
no bargaining or negotiations (compromise) perfect vision of the future.

11. The 14 Points Here are just a few of Wilson’s points:
End secret deals between nations
Keep neutral ships safe at sea during war
European nations should all be treated fairly
Different nations should have the right to form their own nations. Self Determination.
Form the League of Nations: Organization of nations that worked for world peace and to stop wars before they started

12. I. The Big Four B. France – Clemenceau
1. Alsace-Loraine: province that Germany took in France wanted it back!
2. France wanted harsh treatment of Germany

13. I. The Big Four C. Great Britain – Lloyd George
1. Moderate punishment of Germany
Some punishment – Why?
They didn’t have as many casualties (deaths or injuries and weren’t as hurt as France)

14. BUT Great Britain still wanted to protect the Empire
A. Larger empire on earth
B. Great Britain DIDN’T agree with self determination: the right of countries to form their own nation states.
WHY? Because then they would lose some land

15. I. The Big Four D. Italy – Orlando
1. Lands from Austria-Hungary – land and islands
Before WWI – Triple Alliance
Switch sides after WWI starts
2. Left Conference in anger
3. Get little at final treaty

16. Point of Disagreement U.S.A:
President Wilson just wanted peace. He didn’t think that the Central Powers should be punished too harshly because they may get angry and try to start another war.

17. Point of Disagreement France:
Disagreed with Wilson. They believed that Germany should be punished so it was as weak as possible.
Then Germany wouldn’t be able to start another war.

18. Answer in your journal:
Why do you think France wanted such a harsh punishment for Germany after World War I?

19. Motives for the treaty: The Trauma of WWI
WWI caused a huge number of casualties: deaths or injuries

21. % of Casualties by country
Russia: sent 12,000,000 troops
76.3% were killed or hurt
France: sent 8.410,000 troops
76.3% were killed or hurt
Britain sent 8,904,467 troops
35.8% were killed or hurt
Germany sent 11,000,000 troops
64.9% were killed or hurt
The U.S. sent 4,355,000 troops
8.2 %were killed or hurt

22. What do you notice about the % of Russian and German casualties?
Russia: sent 12,000,000 troops
76.3% were killed or hurt
- Germany sent 11,000,000 troops
64.9% were killed or hurt

23. Before and after in France
A hotel before:

24. And after…..

25. Village Hall
Before….

26. And after…..

27. Courthouse
Before….

28. After…..

29. Answer the following questions in your journal:
1. How do you feel when you see these images?
2. Why is it significant that major buildings like the courthouse, city hall, and hotels were destroyed
3. How long do you think it would take to re-build these buildings and communities?
4. How much do you think it would cost?
5. Can a community EVER really recover from such destruction?

30. Based on what you have learned today…
How were France’s goals for the treaty (peace agreements) different from U.S. goals?
What would France want from Germany, the country that destroyed so much of their land?
Would those desires be reasonable or fair?

31. U.S. perspective:
Why do you think the U.S. may have a more idealistic perspective on how to resolve things between countries after the war?

32. They didn’t lose as much!
No battles fought on US land
Not nearly as many casualties from the U.S.

33. VENN DIAGRAM U.S.A. France Both -Many soldiers hurt or killed in WWI
-A lot of land and cities were destroyed
-Wanted a very harsh punishment for Germany
Part of the Allied Powers
Went to peace talks at the Treaty of Versailles
-Not very many soldiers hurt or killed in WWI
-No battles fought on U.S. ground
-Wanted “Peace without Victory”
-Wanted to go “easy” on Germany
Both

34. Why harsh treatment of Germany?
1. France was hurt a lot by the war – Western Front
2. Weak Germany won’t attack France in the future. = =

35. Resolutions? Compromise for Wilson

36. NOT all nations agreed with the 14 Points.
The most important point for Wilson was setting up the League of Nations.
SO he was willing to agree to harsher punishment for Germany than he would have liked.

37. Results of The Treaty of Versailles
The bad side of compromise
Compromise – decision after bargaining
No one is happy

38. Self-Determination
Definition: right of different nationalities to form their own nation states instead of being easily taken over by other countries
In Europe ONLY…British empire is safe.
New countries in Eastern Europe

39. What happened to Germany?
1. Lost all African and Asian Colonies

40. 2. Army cut down to 100,000

41. Weapons Reduction
ONLY Germany
100,000 soldiers
No navy
No air force

42. 3. No more building submarines!

43. 4. Return land to France
And create buffer zone: area where Germany was never allowed to put soldiers.
In France this land was the Rhineland.

44. 6. Germany had to take FULL BLAME for starting the War

45. Germany had to pay Reparations
money paid by losers to winner of a war
37 billion USD (around 1 trillion USD)
hurt German economy

46. Germans couldn’t afford to pay

47. Main Ideas Fill in a “Main Idea” worksheet.
Write in the main idea: “The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany Harshly.
Fill in details that support that idea from your notes and/or the textbook.

48. Answer the following in your journal
How do you think Germany felt after World War I?

49. What happened to Europe?
World War I changed Europe a lot.
1. Germany and Austria-Hungary lost a lot of land
2. And Russia also lost a lot of land because they had to leave the war early.
- 5 new countries were created with the land that Russia lost! (Poland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)

50. What happened to Europe?
Austria and Hungary became 2 separate countries.

51. What happened to Europe?
Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia were created.

52. What happened to Europe?
Poland and Romania got bigger because they got land from Austria and Hungary.

53. Ottoman Empire ended

54. Lands in Southwest Asia
Became mandates: under the control of another country.
Syria became a French mandate
Iraq and Palestine became British mandates

55. The League of Nations
Group of countries to prevent future wars
Americans didn’t want to join even thought Wilson was the one who wanted it!

56. So what happened with the League of Nations?
Met for the 1st time in 1920 WITHOUT the U.S.!
Americans didn’t want to join the League of Nations because they didn’t want to get involved in the problems of Europe.
Only lasted until 1940.

57. Answer the following questions before you leave:
1. What are the key points of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points?
2. Why was the League of Nations a failure?
3. How did the map of Europe and Southwest Asia change after WWI and the Treaty of Versailles?

58. Homework
Read through pages in your book and make picture notecards for the following terms:
Fourteen Points
Self-determination
League of Nations
Buffer Zone
Reparations
Mandates

59. Do Now:
Last time you learned about the effects of WWI. Write the definitions for the following vocabulary words:
14 Points
Woodrow Wilson
Reparations
Buffer Zone
Neutral

60. Reading Lesson on Effects of WWI
Now we are going to read over the chapter on the effects of WWI together

61. Before you read
First we’ll read the “Before You Read” questions to get an idea of what the whole section is going to be about:
1. How did World War I change Europe?
2. How might nations of the world prevent another world war?

62. Introduction What does it tell us about the section?
The war ended and the Allies had to figure out:
1. How to prevent future wars
2. Who should take the blame for the war?

63. Let’s think of questions the first heading will answer together:
Wilson’s Plan
Let’s read through the section once and think of a few questions we could ask a student who has just read this section.

64. Questions:
Who was Wilson and what was his plan?

65. The League of Nations Questions:
1. What is the League of Nations and what were the goals of the League?
2. How did other leaders besides Wilson feel about Germany’s punishment?

66. A Harsh Treaty
Why was the treaty harsh?

67. A New Look for Europe
How did the map of Europe change after the Treaty of Versailles was made?

68. Map Activity
To help you understand a bit more about how the map of Europe changed after WWI and the Treaty of Versailles you are going to do a map coloring activity.

69. Homework:
Answer all of the questions you wrote down as you read today.

70. Review
Study Guide