1. You CAN SPEAK English BETTER.
Gary Kirkpatrick
Learning Advisor
Nihon Fukushi University
Good afternoon everyone. Today as you can see I will talk a little about ways to improve your English speaking ability. But..*

2. Can you speak better English?
There is no royal road
to Learning
[1824 Emerson Journal (1961) II. 268]
a language!
[2010 Gary Kirkpatrick]
***…there is no royal road to learning* a language.* It isn’t easy. You need to study the grammar, remember lots of vocabulary and then there is the pronunciation and other prosodic features to study. I will talk a little more about prosody today.*

3. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Is pronunciation important?
Yes
BUT
Speaking clearly is more than just pronouncing every word correctly.
Prosody - stress and intonation.
*The ability to clearly pronounce words IS important. Yes,* of course* BUT* speaking clearly is more than pronouncing every word correctly. You have to also remember prosody.* Prosody is the pattern of stress and intonation in a language.*

4. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Listen:
Pronunciation?
Good
Understandable?
So so!
Why?
*Listen to this sentence.*
When I got/ /up I had a sore throat and I thought/ /I must have/ /slept on my back and snored/ /all night.
How is the pronunciation?* Good, right?* Is it easy to understand?* So so!* Why?*

5. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Because there are more important things than pronunciation!
Don’t tell your
English teacher!
But it is true!
Some teachers say that pronunciation is EVERYTHING!* But there are more important things than pronunciation.* Don’t tell your* English teacher!* But it is true!*

6. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
‘Stress, rhythm, intonation and pausing have the strongest effect’ on native speakers when they listen to non-native speaker’s English.
So you don’t have to say each word perfectly to be understood.
A study in America asked native speakers to listen to non-native speakers speaking English. The professors found that *‘Stress, rhythm, intonation and pausing have the strongest effect’ on native speakers when they listen to non-native speaker’s English.* So native English speakers don’t care if you can’t say every word perfectly.**

7. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Speak the Content Words clearly.
Content words?????
Words with the most important information!
You also need to stress them!
This kind of stress?
But* you need to speak the content words clearly.* What are content words?* These are the words that have the most important information!* You have to stress these words too!** Not this kind of stress.*

8. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Yada kono oyaji!
What’s with this old guy!
How to stress a word.
A. increase the volume
I LOVE Aya.
B. change the pitch
C. make it longer
I LOOOOOVE Aya.
*How do you stress a word? To stress words you need to make them sound louder than the other words. There are three main ways to stress words.
First,* you can increase the volume.* I LOVE Aya. Next,* you can change the pitch.* Pitch is when you make a part of a word sound louder.* I LOVE Aya. Finally,* you can make the word sound longer.* I LOOOOOVE Aya.******

9. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
　Content Words - stressed
Nouns ex. Aya
(most) principal verbs
ex. love
Adjectives ex. beautiful
Adverbs ex. forever
Help! This old guy is bugging me!
*So you need to stress the content words - the words with the most important information. These are some of the the kinds of words that carry important information; *nouns*, *most principal verbs*, *adjectives* and* adverbs*.******

10. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
　Function Words - Don’t stress
Determiners 　　 ex. the, a, some
Auxiliary verbs ex. am, can, were
Prepositions 　　 ex. before, next to
Conjunctions 　　 ex. as, and, but
Pronouns 　　　　 ex. I, they, he, we
Unless they are important!
I love Aya more than Mr. Go.
*We don’t put stress on function words. These are words like* determiners,* auxiliary verbs,* prepositions,* conjunctions* and pronouns.* UNLESS they are important! For example;* I love Aya MORE than Mr. Go. The I is important in this case.*

11. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Listening: Listen to the two sentences. A. B.
What do you think?
Hmmmm B
*Now please listen to these two sentences.*
When I got / / up I had a sore throat, and I thought / / I must have / / slept on my back and snored / / all night. *
When I got up / / I had a sore throat, / / and I thought / / I must have slept on my back / / and snored all night.*
What do you think? Which one is more natural, A or B?*** Yes, B. Why?*

12. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Now listen again and read:
A. When I got/ /up I had a sore throat and I thought/ /I must have/ /slept on my back and snored/ /all night.
B. When I got up/ /I had a sore throat/ / and I thought/ /I must have slept on my back/ /and snored all night.
Timing!
Now let’s try it together.*
A. When I got/ /up I had a sore throat and I thought/ /I must have/ /slept on my back and snored/ /all night.*
B. When I got up/ /I had a sore throat/ /and I thought/ /I must have slept on my back/ /and snored all night.*
So what is different?* The timing!*

13. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Timing?
How fast or slow you speak.
We use pauses/ /like stress/ /to show//what is important.
I/ /love Aya.
***Timing is how fast or slow you speak.*
*We use pauses/ /like stress/ /to show what/ /is important.*
I/ /love Aya.*

14. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Listening test.
A. (No pauses.)
Okay? No? Listen again!
B. (Pauses.)
Much better!
Now let’s have a test!* Listen and follow the instructions you hear.**
Please stand up, turn to the left, and smile at the person on your left. (No pauses.)*
How was it? Difficult to follow?*Let’s listen to B.*
Please stand up/ /, turn to the left/ /, and smile / /at the person on your left. (No pauses.)
How was it this time? Better?* The pauses make it easier to follow, right?*

15. Speaking: How to say it clearly.
Where to pause?
Stress and pauses - found
　at ‘syntactic constituent
boundaries’
Pause at the end of an important piece of information.
Once again.
Please stand up/ /, turn to the left/ /, and smile / /at the person on your left.
*But where to put the pause? Pauses are usually found at ‘syntactic constituent* boundaries’.* That means we pause after an important piece of information.* Once again please follow these instructions.***

16. You can speak better English!
Let’s practice: Please repeat. I PROMISE/ /to do my BEst/ /to become a BETTER English speaker. I WIIILL practice speaking English using STRESS/ /and PAUSES/ /so I will be BETTER understood. I will ALWAYS lOVe Aya.
*So let’s practice one last time. Please repeat after me. And remember the stress and pauses. First me than you. *
****
Sigh

17. You can speak better English!
How can I practice?
Here are some great home pages you can use to practice using English and prosody.
**But how can you practice?*
*Let me introduce some great Internet home pages where you can practice using English and prosody.
These and the ones in your brochure are sites I have recommended to my students this year.*

18. You can speak better English!
*At English Central you can improve your listening. And practice repeating from a variety of movies and other videos. If you use a microphone you can record your voice and the English Central computer will check your pronunciation and intonation and give you a score. To get a good score you need to use stress, pauses and timing not just pronunciation. Is it easy? No, but if you want to improve your English you have to try and try again.**

19. You can speak better English!
*At Smart.Fm you can build vocabulary. This sight lets you choose goals and helps you to study and review until you know the words perfectly.**

20. You can speak better English!
Also check out my
suggestions in the brochure!
*Finally, Facebook. At this site you can enjoy using English to get to know people from all over the world. You can also enjoy playing various games in English. Games like Café World* and FARMVILLE*. You can have your own restaurant or be farmer. It is a fun way to use English! See you there!**

21. You can speak better English!
Let me ask you again. Can you speak better English? The answer is… Yes, of course! But it will take TIME, EFFORT and a REAL desire to communicate WELL in English!
Yes, you can!
*Let me ask you again.
*Can you speak better English?
*The answer is…
*Yes, of course!
*But it will take
TIME,
*EFFORT
*and a real DESIRE to speak better English!
It will not be easy but as I said there is no royal road
To learning a language!****
By Violentz

22. You will speak better English!
Where there is a will, there is a way.
This is you!
(Don’t bring up the picture until after)
If you keep trying you CAN and WILL succeed!***
Good luck and remember***
(Picture HERE!)
*Where there is a will,*
*there is a way.

23. You will speak better English!
Thank you.
Good luck!
*Thank you.
*Good luck with your studies!

24. You will speak better English!
References One:
Anderson-Hsieh, J., Johnson R., & Koehler, K. (1992). The relationship between native speaker judgments of non-native pronunciation and deviance in segmentals, prosody, and syllable structure. Language Learning, 42,
Emerson, R.W. (1824) Journal (1961) II. Pg.268
Loon, J. (Winter 2002) Improving Pronunciation of Adult ESL Students. TESL Canada Journal Vol.20, No.1,
*I would like to thank these sources for helping me with this presentation.

25. You will speak better English!
References Two:
English Central
Smart.FM
FACEBOOK
*These too!

26. You CAN SPEAK English BETTER

27. Good afternoon everyone.
Today as you can see I will talk a little about ways to improve your English speaking ability.
But..

28. there is no royal road to learning a language. It isn’t easy.
You need to study the grammar, remember lots of vocabulary and then there is the pronunciation and other prosodic features to study.
I will talk a little more about prosody today.

29. The ability to clearly pronounce words
IS important.
Yes, of course BUT speaking clearly is more than pronouncing every word correctly.
You have to also remember prosody.
Prosody is the pattern of stress and intonation in a language.

30. Listen to this sentence.
When I got/　 /up I had a sore throat and I thought/　 /I must have/　 /slept on my back and snored/ 　/all night.
How is the pronunciation?
Good, right?

31. Is it easy to understand?
So so!
Why?

32. Some teachers say that pronunciation is EVERYTHING!
But there are more important things than pronunciation.
Don’t tell your English teacher! But it is true!

33. A study in America asked native speakers to listen to non-native speakers speaking English.
The professors found that ‘Stress, rhythm, intonation and pausing have the strongest effect’ on native speakers when they listen to non-native speaker’s English.

34. So native English speakers don’t care if you can’t say every word perfectly.
But you need to speak the content words clearly.
What are content words?
These are the words that have the most important information!

35. You have to stress these words too!
Not this kind of stress.

36. How do you stress a word?
To stress words you need to make them sound louder than the other words.
There are three main ways to stress words.

37. First, you can increase the volume.
I LOVE Aya.
Next, you can change the pitch.

38. Pitch is when you make a part of a word sound louder.
I LOVE Aya.
Finally, you can make the word sound longer.
I LOOOOOVE Aya.

39. So you need to stress the content words
the words with the most important information.
These are some of the kinds of words that carry important information; nouns, most principal verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

40. We don’t put stress on function words.
These are words like determiners, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and pronouns.

41. UNLESS they are important!
For example; I love Aya MORE than Mr. Go.
The I is important in this case.
Now please listen to these two sentences.

42. A. When I got / / up I had a sore throat, and I thought / / I must have / / slept on my back and snored / / all night.
B. When I got up / / I had a sore throat, / / and I thought / / I must have slept on my back / / and snored all night.

43. What do you think?
Which one is more natural, A or B?
Yes, B. Why?

44. Now let’s try it together.
A. When I got/ /up I had a sore throat and
I thought/ /I must have/ /slept on my back and snored/ /all night.
B. When I got up/ /I had a sore throat/ /and
I thought/ /I must have slept on my back/ /and snored all night.

45. So what is different?
The timing!

46. Timing is how fast or slow you speak.
We use pauses/ /like stress/ /to show what/ /is important.
I/ /love Aya.

47. Now let’s have a test!
Listen and follow the instructions you hear.
A. Please stand up, turn to the left, and smile at the person on your left.

48. How was it?
Difficult to follow?
Let’s listen to B.
B. Please stand up/ /, turn to the left/ /, and smile / / at the person on your left.

49. How was it this time?
Better?
The pauses make it easier to follow, right?

50. But where to put the pause?
Pauses are usually found at ‘syntactic constituent boundaries’.
That means we pause after an important piece of information.
Once again please follow these instructions.

51. So let’s practice one last time.
Please repeat after me.
And remember the stress and pauses.
First me than you.

52. I PROMISE/ /to do my Best/ / to become a BETTER English speaker.
I WIIILL practice speaking English using STRESS/ / and PAUSES / / so I will be BETTER understood.
I will ALWAYS love Aya.

53. But how can you practice?
Let me introduce some great Internet home pages where you can practice using English and prosody.
These and the ones in your brochure are sites I have recommended to my students this year.

54. At English Central you can improve your listening.
And practice repeating from a variety of movies and other videos.
If you use a microphone you can record your voice and the English Central computer will check your pronunciation and intonation and give you a score.

55. To get a good score you need to use stress, pauses and timing not just pronunciation.
Is it easy?
No, but if you want to improve your English you have to try and try again.

56. At Smart.Fm you can build vocabulary.
This sight lets you choose goals and helps you to study and review until you know the words perfectly.

57. Finally, Facebook.
At this site you can enjoy using English to get to know people from all over the world.

58. You can also enjoy playing various games in English.
Games like Cafe World and FARMVILLE.
You can have your own restaurant or be farmer.
It is a fun way to use English! See you there!

59. Let me ask you again.
Can you speak better English?
The answer is…
Yes, of course!

60. But it will take TIME, EFFORT and a real DESIRE to speak better English!
It will not be easy but as I said there is no royal road.
To learning a language!

61. If you keep trying you CAN and WILL succeed!
Good luck and remember
Where there is a will,
there is a way.

62. Thank you.
Good luck with your studies!

63. I would like to thank these sources for helping me with this presentation.
These too!