1. Unit 3
Early Explorers

2. Unit 3 Notebook Checklist
Notes and Pre-Exploration Timeline
Spanish/Portugese Exploration Map
Section 3 Question Sheet
Unit 3 Vocabulary List
Christopher Columbus Timeline
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3. Unit 3 Vocabulary

4. #1 - Colony
Definition – a group of people who settle in a distant land but are stilled ruled by their original government.

5. #2 - Circumnavigate
Definition – To sail completely around the globe

6. #3 - Conquistador
Definition – Spanish explorer who conquers (takes over) other civilizations.

7. #4 - Plague
Definition – a problem or disease that affects large groups of people (example: Black Plague)

8. #5 – Presidio
Definition – forts where soldiers lived in New Spain (Central America)

9. #6 - Mission
Definition – a religious settlement

10. #7 – Peninsulare
Definition – A Spanish colonist born in Spain (upper class)

11. #8 - Creole
Definition – A Spanish colonist born to Spanish parents in the Americas (2nd class)

12. #9 - Mestizo
Definition – Mix of Spanish and Native American (3rd class)

13. #10 - Plantation
Definition – a large piece of farm land

14. #11 - Alliance
Definition – when two or more nations/people agree to work together

15. #12 - Charter
Definition – A contract

16. #13 - Indivisible
Definition – Unable to divide or separate

17. #14 - Persecution
Definition – to be mistreated for your beliefs

18. #15 - Diffusion
Definition – the spreading of ideas between cultures

19. #16 – Northwest Passage
Definition – a waterway that goes through the entire North America (never found)

20. #17 – Monopoly
Definition – when one group or company controls one part of the economy (no competition).

21. Unit 3 Vocabulary Definitions
Colony - a group of people who settle in a distant land but are stilled ruled by their original government.
Circumnavigate – to sail completely around the globe
Conquistador - Spanish explorer who conquers (takes over) other civilizations.
Plague -a problem or disease that affects large groups of people (example: Black Plague)
Presidio – Forts where soldiers lived in New Spain
Mission – A religious settlement (like a church)
Peninsulare - A Spanish colonist born in Spain (upper class)
Creole - A Spanish colonist born to Spanish parents in the Americas (2nd class)
Mestizo - Mix of Spanish and Native American (3rd class)
Plantation – a large piece of farmland
Alliance - when two or more nations/people agree to work together
Charter – a contract
Indivisible – unable to separate or divide
Persecution – to be mistreated for your beliefs
Diffusion – the spreading of ideas between cultures
Northwest Passage - a waterway that goes through the entire North America (never found)
Monopoly - when one group or company controls one part of the economy (no competition).

22. Pre-Exploration Timeline
600’s – Crusaders (European Christians vs. Muslims – 200 years)
800’s – Vikings from Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway)
1. Land on Newfoundland
2. They are the first American Explorers
– Middle Ages (Medieval Times)
1. Europeans spent all of their times in gated communities (boring)
2. Knights played life or death sports
– Renaissance – Science and Literature rebirth
1. Navigation = the science of sailing
2. Guttenberg = Invention of the printing press (desire for knowledge)
3. Monarchs (Kings) of England, France, Portugal, and Spain begin a struggle for control of power.
4. Black Plague – a majority of Europe was killed by this disease.

23. Christopher Columbus Timeline
August 3, 1492 – Departs from Spain
Aug. 6 – Lands at the Canary Islands
Sept. 6 – Left the island of Gemora
Sept. 8 – Sees the island of Hierro
Oct. 10 – Makes a deal with his men
Oct. 12 – Sees land
Oct. 13 – Columbus goes ashore (on land)
Oct. 15 – Leaves the island
Oct – Stops at 3 other islands
Oct. 28 – Lands in Cuba
Oct. 31 – Reaches the Cayo Cruz
Nov. 22 – Pinzon leaves the other ships

24. Dec. 5 – Arrives at Hispaniola
Dec. 24 – The Santa Maria is stuck
Dec. 25 – The ship sinks
Jan. 2 – Columbus leaves the island
Jan. 6 – Columbus runs into the Pinta
Jan. 16 – The two ships leave together
Feb. 14 – the two ships are separated by a fierce storm
Feb. 15 – Columbus sights the Santa Maria (island)
Mar. 4 – Arrives in Lisbon (Spain)
Mar. 15 – Arrives at home and announces his discovery
Mar. 15 – Pinzon arrives a few hours after Columbus
Mar. 18 – Pinzon dies

25. An Era of Exploration
A. Early voyages to America
1. Vikings
a. Newfoundland (Canada)
B. Columbus Reaches the America
1. Wanted to find a route around Africa to Asia
2. Thought you could sail from Europe, across the Atlantic, to
Asia
3. Needed money from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabellla
4. Background information
a. Born in 1451 in Italy
b. Went to Navigation school
c. Traveled to Spain to get money for the trip
C. Spain authorizes colonies
1. Columbus returns and brings new food and ideas
2. Believes that Indians can easily be converted to
Christianity.

26. I. Trade Routes for Exploration
A. Italy - first powerhouse
1. Had a monopoly on trade
2. Other countries want to copy them
B. Portugal Discoveries
1. Led by Prince Henry the Navigator
a. Built a Navigation school (Columbus)
b. Explored and traded throughout Africa (slavery roots)
2. Traded people for Weapons and clothes
a. Originated the African slave trading system

27. II. Spanish Explorers
A. Ponce de Leon
– Looking for the Fountain of Youth
B. Hernando de Soto
– Looking for gold (finds Mississippi River but
no gold)
C. Francisco Coronado
– Looking for golden cities with golden streets
(found Arizona and New Mexico instead)
D. Conquistadors
1. Rulers get 1/5 of all their conquests
2. Hernando Cortes – Aztec Conqueror
1. Conquers the Aztecs (thought he was a pale
skinned God)
3. Francisco Pizzaro – Inca Conqueror
1. Controlled the entire empire by 1535

28. E. Reasons for Conquistador victories
1. Steel, guns, horses vs. clubs, bows, arrows
2. Thought the Spanish were Gods (Pale Skinned)
3. European Diseases
6. Settling New Spain (Map)
a. Pueblos
b. Presidios
c. Missions
d. Government – Viceroys (governors of each region)
7. Class System in New Spain
a. Peninsulares – upper class
b. Creoles
c. Mestizos
d. Indians/ Slaves

29. Turn to page 77 in the textbook
Turn to page 77 in the textbook. Fold your worksheet in half (my example) and draw a box inside the top half of your page:
Pueblos
Center for farming and trade. This would be like the big cities of today that are the centers of life in the United States.
Forts for soldiers. This is like the army stations of today. Kept the Pueblo people safe.
Presidios
Like the churches of today. This was the spiritual center of life.
Mission

30. Peninsulare – 1st Class – Had the best jobs and the most money.
On the bottom half of the page, create the following chart:
Peninsulare – 1st Class – Had the best jobs and the most money.
Creoles – 2nd Class – Well educated. Doctors and Lawyers, but not as rich as 1st class
Mestizos – 3rd Class – Had working class jobs. Usually worked on farms owned by others.
Slaves (Indians) – Lowest class, forced to do work. Not paid.

31. Christófo Colón [ ]

32. Columbus’ Four Voyages

33. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

34. European Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

35. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortés
Montezuma II

36. The Death of Montezuma II

37. Mexico Surrenders to Cortés

38. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

39. Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered the tsunami of
unintentional
"bio-terrorism"??
Docs. 1- 4

40. The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough

41. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

42. European Empires in the Americas

43. Colonizing North America
A. The Northwest Passage
1. Waterway through N. America
a. Never found
b. Mapped out areas for future colonization
2. Explorers for France
a. Verrazano/Cartier
b. Henry Hudson

44. Explorer
Nationality
Sponsor Country
Area Explored
Dates
Goals
Results

45. Can you name the seven continents?
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA
AFRICA
SOUTH AMERICA
AUSTRALIA
ANTARCTICA

46. Can you name the four oceans?
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean

47. We live on the continent of North America
We live on the continent of North America. Can you name the countries on our continent?
North America

48. Canada
United States
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Mexico

49. The Countries of Europe
England
England
France
France
Italy
Italy
Spain
Spain

50. Christopher Columbus' Journey
Spain
San Salvador

51. Ponce de Leon’s Journey
Spain
Florida

52. Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the search for the Northwest Passage.

53. Europeans explorers spent over 100 years searching for a Northwest Passage through North America to Asia.
England, France, and Holland began searching for a westward route to Asia in order to compete with Spain and Portugal.

54. Explorations for Spain
Atlantic Ocean
Cool! I, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, the great conquistador, am the first European to see the eastern edge of the Pacific Ocean!
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa ( )

55. Explorations for Spain
Ferdinand Magellan led the first voyage around the world.
Animation: Magellan’s Voyage

58. Explorations for Spain
At first, the name of America was only meant to apply to South America, but later on, both continents of America became known by his name.
Amerigo Vespucci was one of the first explorers to come up with the idea that these places he had visited were not part of Asia (as Columbus thought) but rather were part of a “New World."
In 1507, a pamphlet was published called "The Four Voyages of Amerigo" and the author suggested that the new land that Amerigo had explored be named in his honor.

59. Martin Waldseemuller map of 1507
Martin Waldseemuller map of In this document the newly discovered continent is for the first time referred to as "America", a name the author chose in honor of Amerigo Vespucci.

61. Explorations for the Netherlands (Holland)
British sailor Henry Hudson explored the waters of northeast North America, including the water surrounding New York City.

63. Explorations for England
In 1610, Henry Hudson explored northern Canada for England.

64. In 1611, Hudson’s crew mutinied and returned to Holland, leaving Hudson, his son, and several loyal sailors to perish in the Hudson Bay.

66. Explorations for England
The Italian sailor Giovanni Cabato, later known as John Cabot, explored the north Atlantic coast of North America for England.

69. The voyages of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, and Amerigo Vespucci dramatically changed the world map. This map, printed in 1507, is one of the earliest maps to incorporate this new world view.

70. Explorations for France
Giovanni da Verrazano explored the east coast of North America, including New York harbor, for France in 1524.

71. Explorations for France
Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River Valley for France.
Jacques Cartier

72. A painting by J.-A. Théodore Gudin depicts Jacques Cartier discovering the Saint Lawrence River in the 16th century.

73. Jacques Cartier points to the arms of France on the cross during a ceremony taking possession of Canada for France, 1534.