1. Chapter 16 The Civil War (1861-1865)
Section 5 The War’s Final Stages

2. Section 5-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement: When fighting a war, an army should destroy only military, not civilian, targets.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree A B C D

3. What events led to the end of the war?
Essential Question
What events led to the end of the war?

4. Total War Strikes the South
General William Tecumseh Sherman destroyed Atlanta
The city was burned and citizens were ordered to leave
Sherman said: “War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it”
The deliberate strategy to bring the horrors of war to the Southern people is called total war
Including terror, starvation, violence, and homelessness

5. Union Strategy By 1864- The Union forces surrounded the South
Cut off imports and exports
The Union controlled the Mississippi River
Western Confederate states were cut off
General Grant would draw up a bold plan of attack

6. Grant Ulysses S. Grant was only an average student
And a failure as a farmer and businessman
But as a soldier was brilliant
Victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga
March Lincoln put Grant in charge of all the Union armies

7. Grant in Charge
Grant had a plan to deliver killing blows from all sides
Grant would attack Richmond
At the same time, Sherman would lead his attacks across the Deep South
Grant’s 115,000 soldiers met Lee’s 64,000 soldiers in a series of 3 battles at Richmond
Grant promised Lincoln, “Whatever happens, there will be no turning back”
Grant was determined to march southward, attacking Lee’s forces
Until they surrendered

8. The Wilderness Campaign
Between Washington D.C. and Richmond is an area of dense forests called the Wilderness
May 5, the 6 bloodiest weeks of the war begun
Grant and Lee struggled through trees
“It was a blind and bloody hunt to the death”
Both sides had many casualties
Brushfires went through the forest burning alive 200 wounded men

9. The Wilderness Campaign Continued
Grant then moved south toward Richmond
The next battles were fought at nearby Spotsylvania Courthouse and at Cold Harbor
A Union general observed me “writing their names and home addresses on slips of paper and pinning them to the back of their coats”
To help people identify their bodies
Grant’s critics called him a “butcher” because of the huge loss of life among his troops
50,000 deaths in 30 days

10. The Petersburg Siege
A railroad center that was vital to Confederate movement of troops and supplies
If grant could take Petersburg, Richmond would be cut off from the rest of the Confederacy
Trains brought food and reinforcements to the Union troops
The Confederates could get neither
For 9 months, the Confederates held out
The Union won

11. Sherman in Georgia
Sherman reached Atlanta and met the Confederates under John Hood
Hood’s forced put up major resistance
Finally, on Sept. 1, Hood abandoned the city
The mood in the South was desperate
“There is no hope, but we will try to have no fear”

12. Farragut at Mobile Bay
David Farragut was the highest-ranking officer in the Union
Farragut joined the navy when he was 12 years old
Now in 1864 , he was leading a fleet of 18 ships through a narrow channel into Mobile Bay in Alabama
The Confederates had two forts on either side of the channel, and they mined the waters with torpedoes
Guns fired from both sides, what should Farragut do?
“Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!”
Farragut was suffering dizziness and had himself tied to the ship
The invasion worked, the Union took the last Southern port east of the Mississippi

13. The Election of 1864 1864- opposition to the war grew in the North
Lincoln was in danger of losing the election
After Atlanta fell and Mobile Bay was blocked, Northerners felt they could win
Lincoln won the election
Lincoln interpreted his reelection as a clear sign from the voters to end slavery permanently by amending the Constitution
On January 31, 1865, Congress passed the 13th Amendment, banning slavery in the US

14. Sherman’s March to the Sea
The Union wanted to break the will of the South
Sherman and his men became destroyers
They burned cities and farmlands across Georgia to the Atlantic coast
Known as Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman continued his path of destruction through the Carolinas
Took food, tore up railroad lines and fields, and killed livestock in an effort to destroy anything useful to the South
1000s of enslaved people were freed

15. Back to Grant Grant continued the siege of Petersburg
April 2, 1865, Confederate lines broke and Lee withdrew
As word got to Jefferson Davis, he and his cabinet gathered documents
Also ordered bridges and weapons useful to the enemy be set on fire
Then Davis and the cabinet fled the city

16. Richmond The armory was set on fire
Lincoln and his son Tad toured burning Richmond and said:
“Thank God I have lived to see this. It seems to me that I have been dreaming a horrid nightmare for four years, and now the nightmare is over”
Joyful African Americans followed Lincoln everywhere, singing, laughing, and reaching out to touch him
At the Confederate president’s house, Lincoln sat in a chair in Davis’s office and “looked far off with a dreamy expression”

17. Surrender at Appomattox
Grant wrote to Lee- “The result of last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance”
Lee believed he needed to fight on
But then the Union captured a train carrying food to his troops and Lee was completely surrounded, he knew it was over
In the little town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia, Grant met with Lee
The troops kept their weapons, officers kept their horses, and no one would disturb the soldiers on their way home
Grant also gave 25,000 rations to feed Lee’s troops
The War was over

18. The Toll of War Deadliest war in US history
More than 600,000 soldiers died
Cost billions of dollars
City and farmlands were destroyed and would take years to rebuild
The Union was saved
The federal government was strengthened and now clearly more powerful than the states

19. The Toll of the War Continued
The war freed millions of African Americans
The end of slavery did not solve the problems that the newly freed African Americans were to face
Many questions remained including- How to bring the Southern states back into the Union
And- What the status of African Americans would be in Southern society
Americans tried to answer these questions in the years following the Civil War- an era known as Reconstruction

20. What events led to the end of the war? - Wilderness campaign
Essential Question
What events led to the end of the war?
- Wilderness campaign
- Blockade of Mobile Bay
- Sherman’s March to the Sea
- Total War
- Fall of Richmond

21. The systematic destruction of an entire land—not just an army—is called
slash-and-burn.
terminal war.
holocaust.
total war.

22. A nine-month siege resulted from Ulysses S
A nine-month siege resulted from Ulysses S. Grant's assault on the railroad center of
Petersburg.
Richmond.
Vicksburg.
Shiloh.

23. What helped Lincoln win the 1864 election?
Lee's surrender
winning at Gettysburg
William T. Sherman's capture of Atlanta
promotion of Grant

24. Sherman's march to Savannah was called
cold war.
undeclared war.
total war.
malicious war.

25. General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant in a small Virginia village called
Richmond.
Appomattox Court House.
Vicksburg.
Gettysburg.

26. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

27. Team Scores
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5