1. Biology EOC Review Questions
New curriculum

2. Goal Two Questions

3. Question #1 carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins
Enzymes are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds?
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins

4. Question #2 cell wall mitochondrion plasma membrane vacuole
Some organelles have their own DNA that is distinct from the cell’s nuclear DNA. This is true of which organelle?
cell wall
mitochondrion
plasma membrane
vacuole

5. Question #3 egg embryo sperm zygote
Pollen in plants is most similar to which type of cell in humans?
egg
embryo
sperm
zygote

6. Question #4
Protein synthesis occurs at which of the structures shown below? See figure on paper. I II
III IV

7. Question #5 to maintain constant internal environment at a pH of 10
Why do cells need buffering agents?
to maintain constant internal environment at a pH of 10
to minimize the changes in pH of the internal environment
to function properly in an extremely basic internal environment
to function properly in an extremely acid internal environment

8. Question #6 The cells survive best under acidic conditions.
Consider this graph. Which statement best summarizes the information in the graph?
The cells survive best under acidic conditions.
The cells survive best under basic conditions.
These cells would survive better in distilled water.
The survival of these cells does not affect pH.

9. Question #7 Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion.
Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it crisp again. Which statement best describes what happens to restore the lettuce to its original condition?
Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion.
Water entered the cells of the lettuce by osmosis.
Osmosis caused salts to enter the lettuce cells.
Salts in the leaf caused water to leave the cells.

10. Question #8 diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis active transport
Which cell process will move substances against a concentration gradient?
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport

11. Question #9 enzyme fatty acid lipid starch
Individuals who lack lactase are unable to break down the sugar lactose. Which term best describes lactase?
enzyme
fatty acid
lipid
starch

12. Question #10 aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration chemosynthesis
The bacteria that cause tetanus can survive in a puncture wound that has healed on the outer surface of the skin. Through what process do these bacteria acquire the energy they need to survive?
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
chemosynthesis
photosynthesis

13. Question #11 aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration fermentation
In terms of ATP production, which process results in the most stored energy?
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
fermentation
photosynthesis

14. Question #12 Only aerobic respiration involves fermentation.
Which statement best distinguishes aerobic from anaerobic respiration?
Only aerobic respiration involves fermentation.
Only anaerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
Only aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
Only anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide.

15. Question #13
Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
Only anaerobic respiration produces measureable amounts of ATP.
Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same amount of ATP.

16. Goal Three Questions

17. A segment of a DNA strand has the following bases: TAC GAT
Question #1
A segment of a DNA strand has the following bases: TAC GAT
What is the complementary strand of DNA?
UAG CAU
TAG CAT
ATG CTA
AUG CUA

18. Question #2 book: publisher truck: factory key: lock baker: pie
Which relationship is most similar to the relationship below?
tRNA:ribosome
book: publisher
truck: factory
key: lock
baker: pie

19. Question #3 replication nondisjunction transcription translation
Before a cell goes through either mitosis or meiosis, which process must be carried out by the DNA in the nucleus?
replication
nondisjunction
transcription
translation

20. Question #4 cloning budding genetic stability genetic variation
Sexual reproduction provides for what to occur?
cloning
budding
genetic stability
genetic variation

21. Question #5 genetic recombination
Which would most likely favor species survival in changing environmental conditions?
genetic recombination
energy involvement in gamete production
length of life cycle
number of offspring produced

22. Question #6 mitosis meiosis spermatogenesis oogenesis
Which term best describes the type of cell division in which parent cells produce daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells?
mitosis
meiosis
spermatogenesis
oogenesis

23. Question #7 cytoplasmic division environmental changes mutation
What is the primary cause of variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms?
cytoplasmic division
environmental changes
mutation
recombination of alleles

24. Question #8 meiosis budding mitosis regeneration
Which is responsible for most genotypic and phenotypic variation among humans?
meiosis
budding
mitosis
regeneration

25. Question #9 to determine the phenotypes of the parents
In genetics research, what is the purpose of a test cross?
to determine the phenotypes of the parents
to determine the genotypes of the parents
to determine whether or not two parents could produce viable offspring
to determine how many offspring can be produced by two parents.

26. Question #10 BBxbb Bbxbb BBxBb BbxBb
Several matings between the same male black guinea pig and female brown guinea pig produce a total of 12 brown and 14 black guinea pigs. If black is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the genotypes of the parents?
BBxbb
Bbxbb
BBxBb
BbxBb

27. Question #11
Most sex-linked, recessive traits- including hemophilia and color blindness-appear in males. This phenomenon is best explained by which statement?
Males have an X chromosome with dominant genes.
Most of the genes on the X and Y chromosomes of males are recessive.
In males, the recessive sex-linked genes appear only on the Y chromosome.
In males, the Y chromosome lacks the genes needed to mask the recessive genes on the X chromosome.

28. Question #12
Huntington’s disease is a dominant trait. What are the chances that a child will develop Huntington’s disease if one parent is heterozygous and the other is normal?
0 out of 4
1 out of 4
2 out of 4
3 out of 4

29. Question #13 0 red : 4 pink : 0 white 3 red : 0 pink : 1 white
Some flowers show incomplete dominance. If RR = white and R’R’ = red, which phenotypic ratio would be expected in the offspring of two pink flowers?
1red : 2 pink : 1 white
0 red : 4 pink : 0 white
3 red : 0 pink : 1 white
4 red : 0 pink : 0 white

30. Question #14 haploid heterozygous homozygous
A couple has five children, all with blood type A. The mother’s blood type is O, and the father’s blood type is A. Based on this information, which describes the most probable genotype of the father?
diploid
haploid
heterozygous
homozygous

31. Question #15
A karyotype of a human female shows that she has only one sex chromosome. Which genotype would represent her genetic condition? XO
XXX XY
XYY

32. Question #16 Suspect B Suspect C Suspect D
The diagram below represents DNA fingerprints which are the result of gel electrophoresis done on several DNA samples found at a crime scene. (See figure) Which suspect is linked to the crime scene by the DNA analysis?
Suspect A
Suspect B
Suspect C
Suspect D

33. Question #17 They had a few plants that were resistant to the disease.
A plant nursery only grew one type of tomato plant. All of their tomato plants died from the same disease. What was most likely true of the tomato plant population?
They had a lot of resistance to disease.
They had a few plants that were resistant to the disease.
They had too much variation in their genes.
They had little variation in their genes.

34. Question #18
Most individuals of a certain species of bird have medium-length tails, but tail length ranges within the species from very short to very long. If a new predator arrives that preferred birds with medium-length tails, which graph describes the most likely result?

35. Question #19 They lived on the ground.
A paleontologist is comparing the fossilized remains of two primates. Both animals had a prehensile tail. What can be concluded from this evidence?
They were not related.
They lived on the ground.
They evolved from a common ancestor.
They had bipedal locomotion.

36. Question #20 Resources become limited over long periods of time.
Variation within species was important to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which statement dies individual variation help explain?
Resources become limited over long periods of time.
Populations often increase rapidly and without warning.
Competition is fierce among members of different species.
Some organisms survive and reproduce better than others.

37. Question #21
Variety within a species is most likely to result from which situation?
severe weather conditions that might occur, such as hurricanes and blizzards.
adaptation to local environmental characteristics by isolated populations of the species.
the extinction of competing species over a broad range of habitats
sex-specific coloring differences

38. Question #22 absence of vestigial structures
Which could be considered biochemical evidence of an evolutionary relationship?
absence of vestigial structures
presence of embryonic gill slits
similar anatomical structures
presence of identical proteins

39. Question #23 similarity in behavior similarity in DNA
Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship between two organisms?
similarity in behavior
similarity in DNA
similarity in habitat
similarity in niche

40. Goal Four Questions

41. Question #1 Bubo virginianus Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Using the key provided, drawing III can be identified as which bird?
Bubo virginianus
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Colinus virginianus
Anas platyrhynchos

42. Question #2 Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D
Which of the cells characterized in the chart below is prokaryotic?
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
Cell D

43. Question #3 Animal Fungi Plant Protist
An organism is eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, and has a cell wall. To which kingdom does it belong?
Animal
Fungi
Plant
Protist

44. Question #4 endocrine and skeletal endocrine and digestive
In order to maintain good health, a person’s normal glucose level must remain within a given range. Which two systems control the blood glucose level?
endocrine and skeletal
endocrine and digestive
circulatory and lymphatic
digestive and lymphatic

45. Question #5 increasing surface area reducing transpiration
The structure of the digestive tube in the grasshopper and earthworm consists of many folds. The folds affect the efficiency of food absorption by which of the following functions?
increasing surface area
reducing transpiration
increasing hormone secretion
reducing storage of sugar

46. Question #6 ferns mosses angiosperms gymnosperms
How would the seeds in Figure 1 and Figure 2 be classified?
ferns
mosses
angiosperms
gymnosperms

47. Question #7 fetusembryozygote Fetuszygoteembryo
The fertilized eggs of most mammals follow a similar pattern of early development. Which sequence is the typical pattern, beginning with the earliest stage?
fetusembryozygote
Fetuszygoteembryo
Zygotefetusembryo
Zygoteembryofetus

48. Question #8 It decreases blood flow. It provides protection.
How is the folded structure of the villi in the small intestine related to the function of the villi?
It decreases blood flow.
It provides protection.
It increases absorption.
It provides support.

49. Question #9 increasing food intake decreasing exercise
Many factors can affect human fetal development. Which would have the most damaging effect on fetal development?
increasing food intake
decreasing exercise
smoking cigarettes
increasing exercise

50. Question #10 lung cancer hemophilia cystic fibrosis sickle cell anemia
Which would most likely be caused by environmental conditions?
lung cancer
hemophilia
cystic fibrosis
sickle cell anemia

51. Question #11
Which statement about animal behavior is most accurate?
Innate behaviors can be changes as a result of individual experiences.
Innate behaviors are generally complex and require time to perfect.
A complex nervous system is necessary for learned behavior.
Learned behaviors are acquired as a result of individual experience.

52. Question #12
Which of these organisms will most likely show a positive phototactic response?

53. Question #13 commensalism mutualism parasitism predation
Bacteria living in nodules on the roots of legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a water-soluble form that plants can use. The bacteria absorb sugar from the plants’ roots. Which describes the relationship between the bacteria and the legume plant?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predation

54. Question #14 Euglena show a positive response to light.
Euglena are one-celled organisms containing chlorophyll. A culture of Euglena is placed into a beaker in a dark room with a flashlight shining on one side, as show in the diagram. The Euglena gather on one side of the beaker. What can be inferred about Euglena from this experiment?
Euglena show a positive response to light.
Euglena show a positive response to darkness
Euglena show a negative response to light
Euglena do not react to light

55. Question #15 increased competition for limited resources
Which is an advantage of social grouping?
increased competition for limited resources
increased chance of detection by predators
increased protection from predators
increased risk of minor infections

56. Question #16 camouflage hibernation migration mimicry
Estivation is a period of inactivity for animals experiencing conditions of extreme heat. Estivation serves the same function as which activity practiced by animals in cold environmental conditions?
camouflage
hibernation
migration
mimicry

57. Goal Five Questions

58. Question #1 decreased birth rate and increased death rate
Which situation would result in the greatest increase in the human population?
decreased birth rate and increased death rate
increased infant mortality and decreased death rate
decreased death rate and increased birth rate
increased birth rate and increased infant mortality

59. Question #2
A local scientist has studied the population distribution of a species of snail that lives on the sandy beaches of an island. The island experiences a volcanic eruption. The data from the scientist’s study of the snail population is summarized below. Prior to the volcanic eruption, which of the following could explain why the percentage of black snails was so much lower than the percentage of light brown snails?
The black color made them more likely to find food successfully.
The allele for black color is lethal in the homozygous condition.
The black snails were easier for predators to locate on the light-colored beach.
The light brown snails were better than the black snails at using all the variable resources.

60. Question #3 the amount of rainfall the size of the deer
In a forest ecosystem, which is an abiotic factor?
the amount of rainfall
the size of the deer
the type of trees
the number of birds

61. Question #4 interaction A interaction B interaction C interaction D
A community is studied and several interactions are observed and recorded. Which type of interaction could illustrate the process of mutualism?
interaction A
interaction B
interaction C
interaction D

62. Question #5 cellular respiration decomposition photosynthesis
In the carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic material by which process?
cellular respiration
decomposition
photosynthesis
transpiration

63. Question #6 Energy transfer efficiency is high.
Why do ecosystems rarely contain more than a few trophic levels?
Energy transfer efficiency is high.
Energy transfer efficiency is low.
Energy amounts remain constant.
Energy cannot flow through levels.

64. Question #7 oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen hydrogen sulfide
Recent climate data suggests a global warming trend. The most likely cause could be an increase in which gas?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
hydrogen sulfide

65. Question #8 fish population shore vegetation algae growth
Silt and nutrients from eroding farmland flow into a lake. As a result, which will most likely increase first?
fish population
shore vegetation
algae growth
dissolved oxygen