1. The new communist state

2. After the civil war, Russia was in total chaos.

3. Why?

4. The most important region of Russia was devastated after WWI1.
Agriculture
The most important region of Russia was devastated after WWI
Ukraine

5. Hundreds of thousands of peasants died.

6. The farms are destroyed.

7. Agriculture production drops.

8. Most factories were out of working order2.
Most factories were out of working order

9. Iron production is 3% of its production level of 1914.3.
Iron production is 3% of its production level of 1914.
1921

10. Most mines are destroyed.4.
Most mines are destroyed.

11. The Bolsheviks cripple the economy by taking control of the following...

12. 1. The mines
2. Companies with more than 10 people
3. The banks
4. Oil industry

13. Other problems…
1. Transportation
2. International trade

14. In addition, a drought has ravaged the country.

15. Famine
Resulting in...?

16. The communist revolution is in danger of failing, many people are discontented, so in 1921 Lenin compromises his ideals and announces...

17. New
Economic
Policy

18. It tolerates a mixed economy-half communist and half socialist to encourage people to become more productive
Socialism
Capitalism

19. Farmers can sell excess crops – they pay tax on profits (created the kulaks=rich farmers)
2. Private industry may be tolerated in small industries of under 20 workers
3. Foreigners can invest in the country

20. Results of the NEP...
Industrial production increases
Russian standard of living increases
Gov’t becomes more acceptable to most people

21. In 1922, the Bolsheviks become the Communist Party and form the Soviet Union...

22. ..a federation completely dominated by Russia

23. His body is preserved in the Kremlin.
In 1924 Lenin dies.
His body is preserved in the Kremlin.

24. Who will succeed Lenin?

25. Trotsky

26. Trotsky Wanted a worldwide communist revolution
Great communist speaker and thinker
Major architect of Bolshevik revolution

27. Stalin Spent his youth robbing banks, trains, time in jail
Behind the scenes political operator
Placed friends and those who were loyal in positions of power

28. Stalin takes power.

29. Trotsky forced into exile.

30. Stalin’s secret police find him in Mexico and assassinate him.

31. “One death is tragic. One million is a statistic.”
Life under Stalin
“One death is tragic. One million is a statistic.”
Totalitarian Rule
Propaganda
The Gulags
Secret Police
The Stalin Purges

32. Totalitarian Rule Gov’t controls every aspect of citizens’ lives
Individual rights count for little
Obedience to gov’t cannot be questioned
Critics are silenced (ex.Trotsky)
Extreme nationalism is promoted

33. Religion was outlawed any many priests were executed
Stalin wanted to appear to be a God-like figure to the Soviet people

34. The press, radio & all communication is controlled and used for propaganda purposes.

35. Propaganda
Stalin created a “Cult of Personality” with himself as the iconic Russian hero
He had history rewritten to make him look better
Propaganda worked – many people believed problems were the faults of local leaders, not the great Stalin

36. He had photos changed…here, Nikolai Yezhov, chief of the Soviet secret police, is “disappeared” by Stalin
NOW YOU SEE HIM …………….

37. NOW YOU DON’T !!?!!?!!?

38. Here Trotsy is “disappeared” for being too closely associated with Russia’s hero - Lenin

39. Propaganda
The Hammer and the Sickle on the Soviet flag symbolize the workers rising to power under communist rule.

40. The Gulags Gulags were forced labour camps/prisons
This was a sleeping hall at a Soviet Gulag.
Notice the cramped quarters and grim conditions – the Gulag was a horrible place to be

41. The Gulag Workers slaved all day long at the Gulag for no money
You could be sent to a Gulag for just about anything – stealing a loaf of bread or being accused of speaking against Stalin – “The Old Man”

42. Secret Police
Stalin had a secret police force which he used to create terror among his people
Neighbors, friends and family were encouraged to report any signs of disloyalty.
Even the secret police were not always safe, as Stalin would routinely execute officers he felt threatened by.

43. The Stalin Purges
From 1934 to 1938 Stalin conducted a series of purges of the Communist Party, Red Army and other sections of Soviet society
Anyone perceived to be opposed to Stalin was arrested
Millions died in labour camps, executions or mass killings.

44. Stalin’s 5 Year Plans

45. By 1928, Stalin was the undisputed leader of the USSR
By 1928, Stalin was the undisputed leader of the USSR. He wants to spread the communist revolution worldwide. He fears an attack by capitalist countries, and he knows that the USSR is vulnerable.

46. “The history of the old Russia has consisted in being beaten again and again…because of her…backwardness, military backwardness, industrial backwardness, agricultural backwardness. She was beaten because to beat her has paid off and because people have been able to get away with it. If you are backward and weak then you are in the wrong and may be beaten and enslaved. But if you are powerful…people must beware of you. We are fifty to a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make up this gap in ten years. Either we do this or they crush us.”
From a speech by Stalin, 1931

47. The USSR needs to industrialize rapidly.
Solution?
The USSR needs to industrialize rapidly.

48. The Five Year Plans
Priorities…

49. 1.
Machines

50. 2.
Hydro-Electric Dams

51. 3.
Railways

52. 4.
Coal

53. 5.
Steel

54. 6.
Oil

55. Industrial Production
Result: the economy returns to the level of production in the period before WWI.
1928
1914

56. But there is a shortage of food in town. Why is there famine?

57. The NEP created a class of rich farmers, the kulaks, which according to Stalin, did not share their crops with cities. They kept their surplus to sell.

58. Stalin needs capital ($) to expand industrial and military power against an attack. Where can the money come from?

59. Russia’s greatest strength… Agriculture

60. Result!!!

61. 1.
A command economy. Stalin took absolute control of the economy. Capitalism is not tolerated.

62. The kulaks are eliminated.2.
The kulaks are eliminated. ?

63. Collectivization - Stalin takes control of agriculture3.
Collectivization - Stalin takes control of agriculture

64. 4.
Stalin is responsible for a massive famine in Ukraine. Between 6 million and 7 million deaths in the breadbasket of Europe.

65. The Soviet Union is modernized very quickly
The Soviet Union is modernized very quickly. Education, Science, Techonologies, industries ... 5.

66. The USSR becomes a world power!!!6.
The USSR becomes a world power!!!
But at enormous cost!!!

67. Five Year Plans
Five year plans were lofty goals which the people were required to reach
Stalin would take grain from peasants – as a tax- and sell it on the world market in order to purchase more machinery for Soviet industry
Over 20 Million people starved to death because of the agricultural five year plans

68. Industrial Five Year Plan

69. Think Pair Share
“One death is tragic. One million is a statistic” What does this quote say about Stalin as a leader?