1. WASH Sector Coordination Model in Kenya
Acknowledgements WESCOORD - Jane Maonga-Jones (UNICEF) and Eliud Wamwangi (MoWI)

2. What is an emergency in Kenya’s context??…
Slow-onset disasters that take a long time to produce emergency conditions…
Sudden unexpected situations that pose immediate risk to health, life, property or environment…
GoK

3. Kenya: Disaster Profile
Conflict hotspots
GoK

4. Kenya: A recent history of Natural and Man-made Disasters
Year Type of disaster Area of Coverage No. of People affected
2011 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 3 Million
2009 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 1 Million
2007/8 Post-election Violence Widespread 1500(deaths) 500,000(displaced)
2005/6 Drought then Floods Widespread 3 Million +
Landslides Nyeri, Othaya, Kihuri 5 deaths
Landslides Meru Central, Muranga, Nandi 2,000
Floods Nyanza, Busia, Tana river basin 150,000
1999/ La Nina Drought Widespread million
1997/98 El Nino Flood Widespread million
1997 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Coast 300,000 (displaced)
1995/96 Drought Widespread million
1992 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Western/Nyanza 127 (deaths) 120,000 (displaced) 1991/92 Drought Arid and semi-Arid districts 1.5 million
Floods Nyanza and Western 10,000
1983/84 Drought Widespread 200,000
Floods Nyanza 4,000
Drought Widespread 40,000
Drought Widespread 20,000
Drought Widespread 16,000
Source : (Part of it) Republic of Kenya National Policy on Disaster Management ( revised Draft)
GoK

5. Coordination Structures for Emergency Response
Government of Kenya
Coordination Structures for Emergency Response
GoK

6. TIMELINE: WASH Sector Coordination in Kenya
2001: WESCOORD formed as a sector working group under the Kenya Food Security Steering Group to respond to the drought emergency
2005:
Cluster system activated globally - but not in Kenya
2007:
A review of the humanitarian coordination structures recommends inclusion of other hazards besides drought
2008:
Activation of the Cluster system in Kenya to respond to Post Election Violence.
2009:
10 Clusters - including WESCOORD are handed over to the GoK line ministries.
2011:
Horn of Africa drought crisis. MoWI take lead in the response, with UNICEF taking on the role of sector co-leads
2012: Looking Beyond Drought Emergencies
GoK

7. Key Sectors/Actors involved in WESCOORD
MoWI
MoPHS
Local/ International WASH implementing agencies
UNICEF
Nutrition
Education
Primary actors
Secondary actors
Health
GoK

8. WASH Sector Coordination Structure: National
WESCOORD support officer - Secretariat
WESCOORD support officer - KFSSG
Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Chair (MoPHS)
Sanitation &
WESCOORD support officer - KFSSG
Officer
Water
(FAO/OGB)
Info Mngt TWG
GoK

9. WASH Sector Coordination Structure: Sub-National level
District Steering Group
WESCOORD Chair/
District Water Officer
WESCOORD Co-chair/ District Public Health Officer
Focal WASH Agency (NGO)
District WESCOORD Executive Committee
Local & International WASH Actors
GoK

10. Members of the National WESCOORD Strategic Advisory Group
MoPHS
MoWI
WORLD CARES
GoK

11. Some outputs from the WASH Sector TWGs
National Water Policy (2012)
National Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Policy (2012/draft)
Draft Cholera Prevention and Control Plan (2011)
Flood Mitigation Strategy (MoWI )
Household Water Treatment and Storage Guidelines (2012)
National School Health Policy (2009)
Cholera EPR training
Sub-national coordination training
Other contributions:
WASH Sector preparedness and response plans (CAP)
Emergency Water Trucking Policy Briefing Paper (2009) –
WESCOORD Emergency Water Trucking Guidelines (2011)
WESCOORD Cholera Strategy (2011)
Community Water Management Committees Training manual
GoK

12. WASH: Who is doing What Where (in Kenya) - as of September 2012
GoK

13. WESCOORD 4Ws Partners Responding

14. www.wescoord.or.ke What else is on the website?
Hygiene Promotion WG page
District pages – Garissa/Wajir up’n running ……
Links to other interesting stuff…..
For instance Majidata = urban WASH data; GOK WRMA (permits and info.)
Technical resources incl. Sand dams, EWT guidelines, etc.

15. Lessons Learnt from the Coordination Model… so far:
Kenya = Hybrid model (sector leadership using cluster approach)
This model provides an opportunity for integration of long-term programming in humanitarian response planning (focus on DRR)
Advocacy from within: “Positioning” of humanitarian issues with relevant line ministries (through TWGs) to influence policy decisions
Coordination capacity: Double-hatting nature of WESCOORD government staff roles makes effective coordination difficult
Sense of urgency to deal with rapid onset emergencies lacking in government officers - who are also involved in development work
Mismatched priorities? WASH Sector focus on resilience building/ DRR efforts not adequately backed by donor funding
What do “they” know that “we” don’t?? Political correctness affects how certain humanitarian issues are addressed (e.g. contingency planning efforts for the upcoming elections)
GoK

16. Some (two) Challenges….
Positioning WESCOORD in the Sector/Ministry.
ReliefRecoveryResiliance (Devt.)
Maintaining WESCOORD’s momentum
2007/8
2011/12
201?

17. Highlights for Jan/Feb 2012
Sub-national Coordination Training:
1. Turkana, W. Pokot, Baringo
2. Mandera, Wajir, Garissa, T River
3. Samburu, Isiolo, Marsabit (Moyale)
4. Coast
Sand Dam Symposium.
IM Training Garissa
Launch TOT Manual Community WR Manag’t

20. What Next? GoK In country:
Formalize Coordination role: Partnership Agreement Framework between the WASH line Ministries.
WESCOORD as Platform for integration of long-term programming with humanitarian response for sustainability
Focus on Emergency preparedness DRR/ Resilience building approaches
Local/ national coordination capacity building
Devolution Politics and WASH: Opportunities in the new constitution (integrating the WASH sector into decentralized structures at sub-national levels - counties)
Regional/Global WASH Cluster support:
Surge capacities in time of crisis - especially for sudden onset emergencies
Support to adapt GWC tools to the Kenyan context
Documentation and sharing of WASH sector best practices (structures, processes, approaches, etc.)
Support resource mobilization efforts (lobbying for funding for preparedness/DRR/recovery actions)
Support efforts for capacity building (e.g. on emergency preparedness and contingency planning)
GoK

21. What lessons for us? Similarities but also differences
Different ministries engagement/line ministry changes
Even with almost constant crisis participation fluctuates in Kenya. How to keep members interested & engaged?
Sub national challenges
Sector coordination (for development) v. emergency preparedness and response. Equal needs.
Maintain emergency task force/SAG?
TWGs
Information: a critical need.
Ministry unlikely to manage on its own (UNICEF traditionally provides support) – Provinces?

22. Thank you!
Asante sana!
cartoons from WESCOORD annual report: ex World Bank Water & Sanitation Programme