1. Indicator 1.6
USHC-1.6 Analyze the development of the two-party system during the presidency of George
Washington, including controversies over domestic and foreign policies and the regional
interests of the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists

2. The writers of the Constitution never meant for there to be “political parties”
They believed political parties caused separation & corruption
President Washington warned of the dangers of political parties in his farewell address
Our Founding Fathers wanted government leaders to take responsibility for their decisions, instead of “going along with the crowd”
It wasn’t long after the Constitution was ratified that political parties formed…

3. The first political parties were influenced more by personalities than by the issues
The key people were:
Alexander Hamilton = Secretary of Treasury
Thomas Jefferson = Secretary of State

4. Alexander Hamilton
First Secretary of Treasury
“Federalists” = Strong national government
Wanted national government to pay off Revolutionary War debt
There should be a national bank – was “necessary & proper” to establish a national currency and regulate trade
There should be a protective tariff – a high tax on imports to prompt consumers to buy locally—would protect our industries
There should be a excise tax on whiskey – Hamilton wanted to control the drinking habits of Americans and raise revenue for the national government
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Supported by wealthy merchants, industrialists, and a few southern plantation owners

5. Thomas Jefferson
First Secretary of State
“Democratic-Republicans” = Limit power of national gov’t
Opposed Nat’l gov’t from paying off Revolutionary war debt
Argued that gov’t didn’t support establishing a national bank
Democracy depends on independence of the farmer—not industries
Supported farmers who turned their grain into whiskey—it should be transported easily & cheaply from west to east markets
Strong state governments—closest to will of the people
Supported by the “common man” = Rural people
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Opposed industrialization

6. Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton believed the federal gov’t had the power to directly tax Americans to get the USA out of debt
1791, Congress imposed a tax on the manufacturing of whiskey (excise tax)
The outraged farmers used whiskey as a form of money —especially out West
It’s not until 1794 that violence erupted
In Pennsylvania, farmers terrorized tax collectors & destroyed the stills of those who paid the tax

7. Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton urged President Washington to stop the rebellion
The rebellion ended quickly when 15,000 troops led by President Washington marched into their state
The rebellion was supported by Thomas Jefferson (farmers!)
The two-party system will develop as a result of the serious difference in the political positions on these economic issues

8. First Presidential election & Emergence of political parties
As George Washington’s second and final term came to a close, political parties were shown in a very unfavorable light
Each political party chose their candidates for the Presidential election of The “electors” promised to only vote for their party’s choice!

9. For the Federalist Party:
John Adams (Washington’s VP) was running for President
Thomas Pinckney, SC, as his Vice-President

10. For the Democratic-Republican Party:
Thomas Jefferson was running for President
Aaron Burr (Senator from NY) as Vice President

11. Where was Hamilton in all this?

12. Alexander Hamilton disliked Adams and did not want him to win the election
He did not want to run against him because he too was a Federalist!
So, he decided to covertly fix the election so Adams would not win
Hamilton persuaded a few Federalist electors to not vote for Adams
He didn’t want to risk the chance that Pinckney and Adams would receive the same number of electoral votes!
He wanted Pinckney to receive more electoral votes and then Pinckney would become President with Adams as his Vice-President

13. Hamilton’s plan leaked out!
Many Federalist electors would not vote for Pinckney!
After the electoral votes were counted, Adams = 71; Pinckney = 59; Jefferson (with all the support of the Democratic-Republicans) received 68
This made John Adams, President with Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President!
Thus is the beginning of our political parties!

14. What eventually became of Hamilton & Burr? 1804

16. A political party is…
An organized group of people with a shared political agenda; They wish to control the government through winning elections to public offices

17. Origin of the political party symbols

18. Democratic Donkey
Ever wondered what the story was behind these two famous party animals?
The now-famous Democratic donkey was first associated with Democrat Andrew Jackson's 1828 presidential campaign
His opponents called him a jackass (a donkey), and Jackson decided to use the image of the strong-willed animal on his campaign posters
Later, cartoonist Thomas Nast used the Democratic donkey in newspaper cartoons and made the symbol famous

19. Nast’s cartoon

20. Republican Elephant
Nast invented another famous symbol—the Republican elephant
After the Republicans lost the White House to the Democrats in 1877, Nast drew a cartoon of an elephant walking into a trap set by a donkey
He chose the elephant to represent the Republicans because elephants are intelligent but easily controlled
Democrats today say the donkey is smart and brave, while Republicans say the elephant is strong and dignified

21. Nast’s cartoon

22. Which political party do you belong to?
Time for the survey…

23. Do you trust or distrust the government’s ability to solve problems?

24. Which do you trust more?
*Choose one from each group.
•The Pentagon or The US Post Office?
•The Executive Branch or Legislative Branch?
•The FBI or The IRS?
•The CIA or The Peace Corps?
•The Joint Chiefs or The United Nations?

25. 3. What about private institutions and people? Which do you trust more?
*Circle one from each group.
Lawyers or Doctors?
Union Leaders or Business Executives?
Professional Athletes or Team Owners?

26. 4. The national government should do more to solve our nation’s problems even if it means the following people have to pay more in taxes:
(you may choose as many as you want)
You
Big Corporations
The wealthy
The middle class
Small businesses
None

27. 5. What should the government cut?
(you may choose as many as you want)
•Farming subsidies?
•Foreign aid?
•Subsidies to the arts?
•Public education spending?
•Money for public broadcasting?
•Taxes?
•Entitlement programs such as, Social Security,
Medicaid, etc?
•Defense spending?
•Welfare spending?
•No cuts at all.

28. Which President accomplished the most for America?
*Choose one.
Bill Clinton?
Ronald Reagan?
George Herbert Walker Bush?
Jimmy Carter?
Richard Nixon?
John F. Kennedy?

29. 7. Do you see the ideal America as one where we are an “ethnic melting pot” in which religious, cultural, and ethnic differences are blurred, or as a nation in which ethnically diverse groups ought to coexist while retaining their cultural identity?
Melting pot?
Multicultural society?

30. 8. Which would curb violence the most?
Stricter controls on the sales of guns?
Mandatory sentences for those who
commit crimes with guns?
Both?

31. 9. In the long run, do you think we can reduce crime more by building more prisons or providing more financial assistance to the rebuilding of our inner cities?
Build prisons?
Rebuild inner cities?
Both?

32. Please indicate whether you agree or
disagree with each of the following
statements:
10. Even if it means cutting programs financed by the national government, the federal deficit must be reduced.
Agree Disagree

33. 11. There are too many government
agencies.
Agree Disagree
12. Gays and lesbians should be able to
marry or at least be treated as
married under the law.
13. The news media is too bias.

34. 14. There are too many religious people
running our government.
Agree Disagree
15. The government should allow
abortion services to be a part of any
standard health care package.
16. Negative political campaign ads
should not be allowed.

35. 17. Pornography should be banned.
Agree Disagree
18. As a society, we should spend more money
trying to find a cure for AIDS than for
cancer and heart disease because AIDS
threatens younger people.
19. Talk radio shows should be regulated to
ensure both sides of a debate are
represented, because talk radio has an
unhealthy impact on the political process.

36. 20. The breakdown of the traditional family is
the most serious domestic crisis facing our
nation.
Agree Disagree
21. Women and racial minorities should be
given preferences in hiring until we achieve
true gender and racial equality in America.
22. Problems in our environment need
government action, even if it means raising
taxes.

37. 23. Should a formal prayer be required
in public schools?
Agree Disagree
24. Should marijuana be legalized?
25. Gun ownership in the US should be
severely restricted.

38. Let’s calculate your score
Let’s calculate your score! You may not turn back and change your answers!!!!!
Dr. James will call out the points for each response beginning with number one. You are to first write down the number of points per response and then go back and calculate your total number of points based on your responses.
When you are completed calculating the number of points, write the number in the blank below.
My score: ____________________ points
Ask Dr. James for the political party scale, so you can see which political party you might belong to!

39. POINTS 1. TRUST = 0; DISTRUST = 2 2. PENTAGON = 1; US POST OFFICE = 0
EXEC. BRANCH = 1; LEGIS. BRANCH = 0
FBI = 1; IRS = 0
CIA = 1; PEACE CORPS = 0
JOINT CHIEFS = 1; UNITED NATIONS = 0
3. LAWYERS = 0; DOCTORS = 1
UNION LEADERS = 0; BUSINESS EXECS = 1
PRO ATHLETES = 1; TEAM OWNERS = 0

40. 4. YOU = 0; BIG CORPS = 0;
WEALTHY = 0; MIDDLE CLASS = 0;
SMALL BUSINESS = 0; NONE = 1
5. FARM SUBSIDIES = 1;
FOREIGN AID = 1;
SUBSIDIES FOR ARTS = 1;
PUBLIC EDUCATION SPENDING = 1;
$$$ FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING = 1;
TAXES = 1; ENTITLEMENT PROGS = 1;
DEFENSE = 0; NO CUTS = 0;
WELFARE = 1

41. 6. CLINTON = 0; REAGAN = 1;
GHW BUSH = 1; CARTER = 0;
NIXON = 1; JFK = 0
7. MELTING POT = 1
MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY = 0
8. STRICTER CONTROLS = 0;
MANDATORY SENTENCES = 1;
BOTH = 0
9. BUILD PRISONS = 1;
REBUILD INNER CITIES = 0;

42. 10. AGREE = 1; DISAGREE = 0
11. AGREE = 1; DISAGREE = 0
12. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
13. AGREE = 1; DISAGREE = 0
14. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
15. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
16. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
17. AGREE = 1; DISAGREE = 0
18. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
19. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
20. AGREE = 1; DISAGREE = 0

43. 21. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
22. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
23. AGREE = 1; DISAGREE = 0
24. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1
25. AGREE = 0; DISAGREE = 1

44. Political Party Scale: Where do you fit in?/
DEMOCRAT / REPUBLICAN

45. Democratic Description
Equality for all
Has visions of a better world & wants to make changes to achieve this ideal
Government should regulate the behavior of business
Government should redistribute the wealth
Tax the wealthy
Liberal
Wants change
Young
Old
Female
Homosexual
Catholic
Jewish
Black
Hispanic
Blue-collar
Laborer
Less-wealthy
College-student (now!)
Live & let live

46. Republican Description
Conservative
Wants to preserve the status quo
Middle-aged
Male
Homophobic
Baptists
Evangelicals
White
Asian
White-collar
Executive
More wealth
More educated
Favors order—strict law& order
Favors freedom over equality
The right here/right now is great
Government should regulate the behaviors of individuals
Pro-strong military
Tax everyone
What’s mine is mine
Earn your own $$$$$
You have ‘em, then gotta feed ‘em

47. Famous Democrats Bill Clinton Al Gore Hillary Clinton Jessie Jackson
People who think like you do:
Bill Clinton
Al Gore
Hillary Clinton
Jessie Jackson
Barack Obama
James Clyburn, SC 6
Gloria Tinubu
Muhammad Ali
Shirley Chisholm
Nancy Pelosi
John Kerry
Brad Pitt
JFK
Joe Biden

48. Famous Republicans People who think like you do: George W. Bush
Dick Cheney
John McCain
Condoleezza Rice
Tom Rice
Lindsey Graham, SC
Jim DeMint, SC
Nikki Haley, SC-Gov
Dale Earnhardt, Jr.
Clint Eastwood
Colin Powell
Tim Scott, SC 1
Joe Wilson, SC 2
Jeff Duncan, SC 3
Trey Gowdy, SC 4
Mick Mulvaney, SC 5