1. XXXX Gold Mining Company
CYANIDE TRAINING Proper care and handling of sodium-carbon-nitrogen compounds
XXXX Gold Mining Company

2. Why the need for this Training?
CYANIDE TRAINING
Why the need for this Training?
• MSHA Safety & Health Training.
To comply with the International Cyanide Management Code.
• To Comply with the XXXX Cyanide Policy

3. CYANIDE TRAINING Why the need for this Training?
To help ensure that Team Members are not exposed to harmful concentrations of cyanide
To assist all Team Members in understanding how cyanide is used safely and environment is protected.
To respond appropriately to public inquiry.

4. CYANIDE TRAINING What is the International Cyanide Code?
A Voluntary Industry Code of Practice for the use of Cyanide in Mining

5. What is the International Cyanide Code?
Mission Statement:
To assist the global gold mining industry in improving cyanide management, thereby minimizing risks to workers, communities and the environment from the use of cyanide in gold mining, and reducing community concerns about its use.
Why does this concern XXXX Team Members in New Miner and Refresher courses?
Because (1) Your professional knowledge about the proper use and care of cyanide at
XXXX assists in giving confidence to the public that cyanide can and is being
used with proper protection of Team Member and Community health and
safety and proper protection of the environment; and
(2)Proper actions speak louder than appropriate words.

6. What is the International Cyanide Code?
Code Objectives:
– To protect workers, communities and the environment from adverse effects of cyanide
– To control, manage and improve the management of cyanide
– To be applicable internationally, in both developed and developing countries
– To be used by large and small gold mining companies, cyanide manufacturers and transporters and to serve as a form of assurance for interested parties including regulators, financiers, communities and non-governmental organizations
– To be credible and verifiable
– To be dynamic over time

7. What is the International Cyanide Code?
“Principles” of The Code:
1. PRODUCTION: Encourage responsible manufacturing by only using cyanide produced in a safe and environmentally protective manner.
2. TRANSPORTATION: Protect Communities and the environment during cyanide transport.
3. HANDLING & STORAGE: Protect workers and the environment during cyanide handling and storage.
4. OPERATIONS: Manage cyanide process solutions and waste streams to protect human health and the environment.
5. DECOMMISSIONING: Protect communities and the environment from cyanide through development and implementation of decommissioning plans for cyanide facilities.

8. What is the International Cyanide Code?
“Principles” of The Code (cont’d.):
6. WORKER SAFETY: Protect worker health and safety from exposure to cyanide.
7. EMERGENCY RESPONSE: Protect Communities and the environment through the development of emergency response strategies and capabilities.
8. TRAINING: Train workers and emergency response personnel to manage cyanide in a safe and environmentally protective manner.
9. DIALOGUE: Engage in public consultation and disclosure.
In Summary: “Cradle to Grave”Management of Cyanide in
the gold mining industry to protect
Team Members, the Public, and the Environment.

9. Who Developed the International Cyanide Code?
The Code Steering Committee Members
Homestake Mining Company, USA
International Finance Corporation, USA
Government of Peru
WMC Resources, Ltd., Australia
Normandy Mining Limited, Australia
Eldorado Gold Company, Canada
Kennecott Minerals Company, USA
Government of Ontario, Canada
United Steelworkers of America, Canada
Degussa, Germany
AngloGold Ltd., South Africa
University of Nevada, Reno, USA
World Wide Fund For Nature, Australia
International Council of Chemical Associations, USA
European Commission, Spain
Minas Luismin, Mexico
European Commission, Belgium

10. Who Assisted in International Cyanide Code Development?
The Code Industrial Advisory Group
(administered by the Gold Institute)
AngloGold Company, South Africa
Ashanti Goldfields Company, Ghana
Australian Gold Council, Australia
Australian Gold Reagents, Australia
Barrick Gold Corp., Canada
Degussa, Germany
Dupont, USA
Glamis Gold, Ltd., USA
Gold Fields Limited, South Africa
The Gold Institute, USA
Homestake Mining Company, USA
Kinross Gold Corp., Canada
Lihir Management Corp., Papua New Guinea
Mining Project Investors, Australia
Newmont Gold Company, USA
Normandy Mining Limited, Australia
Placer Dome, Inc., Canada
South African Chamber of Mines, South Africa
Rio Tinto, UK
WMC Resources, Ltd., Australia

11. What is Cyanide? • Chemical Symbol: • “Better” Chemical Name:
Sodium Cyanide
• Chemical Symbol:
NaCN
• “Better” Chemical Name:
Sodium Carbon Nitrogen

12. CYANIDE SAFETY
USES
The use of cyanide for the extraction of gold is only one of the many industrial uses of cyanide, accounting for less than 20% of worldwide hydrogen cyanide production. The remaining 80% is used in a variety of processes including the production of plastics (such as acrylics and nylon) and pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen and naproxen), processing of food (decaffeination of coffee and as an anti-caking additive in table salt), and for electroplating and hardening of steel.

13. Why Use CN? “Chemistry” of Gold in VLF
Cyanide has many uses, one of which is the “dissolution” of metals from rock
(Uses Aerated, Alkaline Cyanide Solution)
2 Au + 4 CN- + O2 + 2 H2O ==> 2 Au(CN)2- + H2O2 + 2 OH-
and
2 Au + 4 CN- + O2 + 2 H2O ==> 2 Au(CN) OH-
Same reaction but a more recent view (calcium included):
2 Au + 4 CN- + O2 + 2 H2O ==> 2 Ca+[Au(CN)2-] + H2O2 + 2 OH-

14. Process Description
1. NaCN & NaOH (sodium hydroxide) are added to Barren Solution in ADR Plant.
2. Barren Solution is pumped to the Leach Pad.
3. Barren Solution Extracts Gold from Leach Pad Becoming Pregnant Solution.
LEACH
PAD
Preg Solution
Barren Solution
4. Preg Solution is Collected from Leach Pad and Pumped Back to ADR Plant were the Gold is Removed, with other metals.
PREG
PUMPS
ADR
PLANT

15. Cyanide Safety Potential Areas for Exposure Fast Acting Poison
Routes of Entry
HCN Exposure Limits
Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning
First Aid Procedures

16. Potential Areas for Exposure
Cyanide Safety
Potential Areas for Exposure
ADR Plant
Lab
Leach Pad

17. Personal Protective Equipment
Cyanide Safety
What is required?
Personal Protective Equipment
– Full PPE to Mix NaCN or perform maintenance work in NaCN storage areas.
– Safety Glasses In All Areas.
- No Acids Near
Cyanide.

18. Fast Acting Poison - if Exposure is to high levels - usually as HCN
Cyanide Safety
Fast Acting Poison - if Exposure is to high levels - usually as HCN
Cyanide Prevents Cellular Respiration. Mainly in the Brain & Heart!
HCN Gas, Cyanide Dust or Solution are all Dangerous.
Cyanide poisoning is recoverable if treatment is administered quickly. Normally in 3-4 minutes! Therefore, responders must work quickly!

19. NO EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING AROUND CYANIDE WORKING AREAS!!
Cyanide Safety
Routes of Entry
– Skin
– Eyes
– Ingestion
– Inhalation
NO EATING, DRINKING, OR SMOKING AROUND CYANIDE WORKING AREAS!!

20. Barren Solution Characteristics
Cyanide Safety
Barren Solution Characteristics
• pH = >10.0
• NaCN Concentration = lb/ton
• Lethal Ingested Dosages at this Concentration*:
– 150 pound person = 2.5 gallons
– 200 pound person = 3.5 gallons
– 250 pound person = 4.5 gallons
* Numbers are based off of LD50 of 15 mg/kg in Rats.

21. Cyanide Safety HCN Production • DO NOT Mix Acid and Cyanide!!!
• The Higher the pH of the Solution the Less HCN Produced.
• DO NOT Mix Acid and Cyanide!!!

22. Cyanide Safety HCN Exposure Current Limits New Guidance for PPE
10 ppm on an 8 hour TWA
5 ppm on a 12 hour TWA
New Guidance for PPE
4.7 ppm Maximum*
* Recommended by the ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) but not yet approved. Suggested in International Code.

23. Cyanide Safety HCN Exposure Effects 2-5 ppm Odor threshold
4.7 ppm Maximum Exposure
20-40 ppm Slight symptoms after several hours
45-54 ppm Tolerated for ½ to 1 hour without significant immediate or delayed effects
ppm Fatal within ½ to 1 hour
300 ppm Rapidly fatal (if no treatment)

24. Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning
Cyanide Safety
Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning
Delayed Symptoms
Irritation of the throat
Salivation
Giddiness
Weakness of the arms and legs
Difficulty breathing
Palpitations
Numbness
Convulsions
Collapse
Early Symptoms
Reddening of the eyes/skin
Nausea
Headache

25. Cyanide Safety First Aid Procedures
– Sound Alarm. Protect Self with PPE. Remove victim from contamination, also remove contaminated clothing from the victim. Be careful of cross contamination!
– If no symptoms are evident:
• No treatment is necessary. Just watch for symptoms to develop.
– If Conscious but symptoms are evident:
• Give Oxygen.
– If Consciousness is impaired or the victim is unconscious:
• Give Oxygen and Amyl Nitrite
– If not breathing:
• Give Oxygen and Amyl Nitrite immediately by means of a positive pressure respirator (artificial respiration).

26. Cyanide Safety First Aid Procedures Ingestion
– Remove victim from contamination.
Be careful of cross contamination!
– If Conscious:
• Give Activated Charcoal.
– If Consciousness is impaired or the victim is unconscious:
• DO NOT give Activated Charcoal!!

27. Current Flo-Bins Future Cyano-Dol & Excel II Tank Trucks
Shipping
Current
Flo-Bins
Future
Cyano-Dol & Excel II Tank Trucks

28. Flo-Bins
Placards
Information Card

29. Reporting All Spills Must be Reported to Your Supervisor Immediately.
Any Spill off the Liner Must be Reported to EAD.
Spills Must Be Reported to the State by EAD.
Spills Over 10 Pounds of NaCN Must be reported to the Federal Environmental Agencies

30. Cyanide Management Protection of Environment
Triple-Double Lined Valley Leach Facility
Lined ADR and Storage Area
Inspections
Monitoring
Within VLF (LDS, LVSCS, Underdrains)
Surface Water
Ground Water
Air and “Release Inventory”

31. Valley Leach Facility Construction Sequence
#2. Clay
#5. Ore
#1. Granodiorite
Subgrade
#4. Drain Cover
Fill
#3. LLDPE

32. Summary • Why the Need for this Training • Cyanide Safety
– Potential Exposure Areas
– PPE
– Fast Acting Poison
– Routes of Absorption
– Barren Solution
Characteristics
– HCN Production
– HCN Exposure
– Symptoms
– First Aid
• What is the Code
– Mission Statement
– Code Objectives
– ”Principles” of The Code
– Code Steering Committee
– Industry Advisory Group
What is Cyanide?
• Shipping (solid)
– Flo-Bins
– Tank Trucks
• Why Cyanide?
• Process Description
• Reporting
• Management