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Chapter 11 Test Review
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Match the Scientists 1. Mendel A. recombination
2. Morgan helps make map 3. Sturtevant B. alleles segregate C. some genes linked
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Match the Scientists 1. Mendel B. alleles segregate
2. Morgan C. genes linked 3. Sturtevant A. recombination helps make map
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4. What is fertilization? Process of sexual reproduction
Joining egg + sperm Joining egg and pollen
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What is true-breeding and hybrid?
5. True-breeding = E. offspring are identical to parents 6. Hybrid = D. offspring are of parents of different traits
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7. Genes are____: F. the location on a chromosome for a trait
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PUNNETT PRACTICE p.3 Dihybrid Cross What are the parental genotypes?
Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse
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PUNNETT PRACTICE p.3 Dihybrid Cross What are the parental genotypes?
Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse RrBb Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse RRBB
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PUNNETT PRACTICE Dihybrid Cross How many boxes to you need for a dihybrid cross? ANSWER: 16
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PUNNETT PRACTICE Show how you would place the parental alleles on each side of the Punnett Squares:
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RB Rb rB rb RB RB
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NOW FILL IN THE BOXES AND
WHAT IS THE PHENOTYPIC RATIO?
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100% running black RB Rb rB rb RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb RB RB
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8. Gametes are: A. body cells B. sex cells C. somatic cells
D. skin cells ANSWER: sex cells B
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9. The likelihood that a particular event will occur is:
A. hybrid B. offspring C. probability D. recombination ANSWER: C probability
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10. The wild type is… A. dominant trait B. recessive trait
C. most common trait ANSWER: C
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11. homologous D. male + corresponding female set of chromosomes
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GO TO PUNNETT PRACTICE On your dry erase board. Do #4 on page 2.
Cross two plants that are heterozygous for green pods.
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#4 Answer gg Gg GG Genotypic ratio: GG:Gg:gg 1: 2: 1 Phenotypic ratio:
1: 2: 1 Phenotypic ratio: Green:yellow 3:1 G g Gg gg GG G g
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12. Haploid and 13. Diploid 13. C. one set of chromosomes N
in humans 23 14. B. two sets of homologous chromosomes 2N in humans 46
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14. What is a tetrad? A. 4 homologous chromosomes
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MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAITS IN CHICKENS
Question #1:On the cross pictured, what must be the genotypes of the two parents for the outcome to always be a buttercup offspring? ANSWER: rrPP X RRpp
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Did you set it up right? RP Rp rP rp RP Rp rP rp
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9:3:3:1 RRPP RRPp RrPP RrPp RRpp Rrpp rrPP rrPp rrpp Rp rP rp
RP Rp rP rp RRPP RRPp RrPP RrPp RRpp Rrpp rrPP rrPp rrpp RP Rp rP rp
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15. Crossing-over F. homologous chromosomes exchange segments
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16. What is a chiasma? A. when 4 chromosomes come together
B. when a cell divides into 4 cells C. when a cell splits D. making poopie E. is the point of crossing over of the two inner homologous chromosomes ANSWER: E
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17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
starts with 2N parent Daughter cells are 2N Daughter cells identical Makes somatic cells Ends with 2 cells 1 division
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17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
starts with 2N parent Daughter cells are N Daughter cells different Makes sex cells Ends with 4 cells 2 divisions
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18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt?
Cross it with tt (a test cross) t T T t
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18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt?
Cross it with tt Tt tt t T T Tt t
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19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy Y=yellow y=blue S=square s=round
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19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy Y=yellow y=blue S=square s=round
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19. SsYy X ssYy SY Sy sY sy SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy Ssyy ssyy sY sy
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19. SsYy X ssYy SY Sy sY sy SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy Ssyy ssyy sY sy
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6 square yellow 6 round yellow 2 square blue 2 round blue
SY Sy sY sy SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy Ssyy ssyy sY sy
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20. Flower Parts
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EXTRA: Male Flower Parts?
Stamen pistil stigma anther ANSWER: stamen anther
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21. Hetero or Homo zygous _____HH _____hh _____Hh ANSWER: Homozygous Heterozygous HH hh Hh
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EXTRA: Recessive? T t H h ANSWER: t h
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EXTRA: Dominant? T t H h ANSWER: T H
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CHECK YOUR SKILLS: Go to Punnett Practice #7
Genotypic Ratio? Phenotypic Ratio?
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Nn x nn Nn Nn nn n nn n N n Genotypic: Nn:nn 2 : 2 Phenotypic
2 : 2 Phenotypic Smooth;const. 2 : 2 Nn nn n nn Nn n
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CHECK YOUR SKILLS: BbFf x bbff
How many boxes do you need? 16 How do you separate each parent? BF Bf bF bf bf bf bf bf
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BF Bf bF bf bf BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff
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Genotypic Ratio BbFf : Bbff : bbFf : bbff Phenotypic Ratio Black fat : black thin : white fat : white thin
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CHECK YOUR SKILLS: RR x RW incomplete dominance
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CHECK YOUR ANSWER: RR x RW incomplete dominance
Genotypic RR : RW Phenotypic Red : Pink R W RR RR RW RW
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#22 Black rooster and white chicken form black and white spotted chicks ANSWER: codominance
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#23 The color of the skin is determined by six different locations on genes ANSWER: polygenic trait
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#24 A red flower is crossed with a white flower to make pink offspring. ANSWER: incomplete dominance
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#25 TT x WW = TW offspring ANSWER: codominance
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#26 Eye color alternatives include blue, brown, green, black
ANSWER: multiple alleles
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#27 A black rabbit crossed with a white rabbit produced a gray rabbit
ANSWER: incomplete dominance
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#29 ANSWER: The higher the crossover frequency, the farther apart are the genes.
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#28 The greater the number of recombination frequencies (crossovers), then the _____ the genes are to each other. ANSWER: farther apart
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#29 Red, hair freckles, and fair skin seem to be inherited together. They must be on _____ genes. ANSWER: linked
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#30 The location on a chromosome is referred to as the:
ANSWER: locus gene
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Back of chicken worksheet:
Do questions #1 and #2
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Incomplete dominance = the offspring show trait in-between the two dominant traits (like black and white have gray offspring) Codominance = both dominant traits will appear like black and white will have spotted black-white offspring
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Genotype for black chickens BB
Genotype for white chickens WW Genotype for erminette BW
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#31 What is the difference between a trait and an allele?
TRAIT: general description EX; eye color, height ALLELE: alternative choices EX: blue and green, and tall-short
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A-B = 29% B-C=11% B-D=4% A-D = 21 % ADD: A-C =18% C-D = 3%
What is the order of these genes? ANSWER: A C D B
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32. Names of the phases in meiosis:
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32. Names of the phases in meiosis:
Anaphase II Prophase I Anaphase I Metaphase I Metaphase II Telophase I Prophase II Telophase II
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#33 Structures of Prophase I
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Go to Back and do “Polygenic Inheritance” Worksheet
Human Skin Shades Mulatto denotes a person with one white parent and one black parent, or more broadly, a person of mixed black and white ancestry. May also include Native American and other backgrounds.
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KNOW YOUR MATCHING Numbers of descriptions of offspring
phenotypic ratio Numbers of letters of offspring , TT, Tt, tt genotypic ratio Trait that is expressed even if other trait is present dominant
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32. MATCHING (cont.) Trait that is only expressed if the dominant trait is not present recessive Alternative choices of a trait alleles
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32. MATCHING (cont) General description of a gene trait
Plant’s pollen fertilizes the same plant self-pollination Plant’s pollen fertilizes a different plant cross-pollination
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Can You Identify? locus
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Compare egg and sperm: Egg forms one large egg and three smaller polar bodies Sperm form all the same size and shape
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What is the purpose of the Punnett Square?
A. show the exact offspring B. show only dominant offspring C. predict the probability from a cross D. predict who will win the sperm lotto ANSWER: C
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Independent Assortment and Crossing Over
Independent Assortment randomly segregates the alleles. Crossing-over breaks and reattaches chromosomes to make new gene arrangements. BOTH INCREASE DIVERSITY
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ESSAYS? Punnett Squares Monohybrid Cross
Codominant or Incomplete Dominant Dihybrid Cross Be able to write a genotypic and phenotypic ratio.
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