1. Water Purification Comparison
Ultrafiltration Reverse Osmosis UV Disinfection

2. Where does your water come from?
Municipal water supply
Well
Lake
Bore hole
Cistern

3. What is in your water? Bacteria- e. coli, other coliforms Viruses
Parasites – Giardia, Cryptosporidium
Pesticides
Fecal matter
Algae
Medications dissolved in drinking water
Dissolved solids – salts, minerals, heavy metals
Suspended solids – dirt, silt

4. How Filtration Systems Work
Ultrafiltration sieves out contaminants by molecular size and weight.
Reverse Osmosis sieves out contaminants AND removes dissolved solids (salts, minerals, metals and other ions).
Both Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration systems create a barrier to remove contaminants.
Pore size is extremely small on reverse osmosis systems and a bit larger on ultrafiltration systems.
The pore size affects the amount of pressure, and therefore energy, required to push the water through the membrane.

5. Filter Membrane

6. Size Matters

7. What Filtration Systems Remove

8. Ultrafiltration In Use
Physical barrier to contaminants
Removes bacteria, viruses, parasites, pesticides, medications, algae, dirt, silt and other suspended solids
Low energy requirement
Good for lakes, streams, wells
Not for seawater or brackish water

9. Ultrafiltration

10. Definition of Reverse Osmosis
High pressure feed water is forced against a dense, membrane surface.
Water molecules diffuse through the membrane leaving the concentrated salts, other ions and contaminants behind.

11. Reverse Osmosis in Use
Removes dissolved salts, minerals, metals and sugars
Removes algae, bacteria, viruses, parasites, pesticides, medications, dirt, silt and other suspended solids.
Best method for producing very pure water.
Only viable method for large volume desalination of brackish water or seawater.
Energy intensive
Requires prefiltration

12. Reverse Osmosis For Salt Water

13. Ultra Violet Light system In Use
Feed water flows past an ultra violet light bulb.
The UV rays destroy the DNA in organisms.
Effectiveness is determined by water clarity, flow rate and UV ray output.

14. Ultra Violet Light Kills DNA

15. Ultra Violet Light Pros and Cons
Effectiveness-UV light destroys DNA in bacteria and viruses, effectively killing the organism.
The light source must be sufficiently bright and the feed water must have the proper flow rate to be effective. Difficult to determine effectiveness without lab testing.
Turbidity-Dissolved solids that turn water dark will also block UV light, making it much less effective.
The feed water must be absolutely clear to effectively kill all the organisms.
Limitations UV only kills microorganisms.
UV cannot remove salts, minerals, heavy metals, pesticides and other inorganic compounds from water.
Best as a final stage after ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis.

16. Ultrafiltration or Ultra Violet
Designed for PRETREATED WATER
UV is NOT A BARRIER to contaminating organisms.
Effectiveness depends on water CLARITY, flow rate and bulb position
UV has NO SIMPLE FIELD TEST
Requires POWER to illuminate
Has NO TESTING CLAIMS
Portable units for LOW CAPACITY treatment only
Requires ABSOLUTELY CLEAR water source
Best as final stage
Designed for NON POTABLE WATER
UF provides a PHYSICAL BARRIER to organisms
System REMOVES % of bacteria and % of viruses
A SIMPLE integrity test validates performance
A LOW ENERGY requirement
Has PASSED EVP/EVT test protocol
For HIGH CAPACITY filtration
Very LOW WASTE stream
Very SIMPLE to setup and maintain
Produces CRYSTAL CLEAR WATER
Drinking water that TASTES GOOD

17. Ultrafiltration or Reverse Osmosis
Designed for NON POTABLE WATER
UF provides a PHYSICAL BARRIER to organisms
System REMOVES % of bacteria and % of viruses
A SIMPLE integrity test validates performance
A LOW ENERGY requirement
Has PASSED EVP/EVT test protocol
For HIGH CAPACITY filtration
Very LOW WASTE stream
Very SIMPLE to setup and maintain
Produces CRYSTAL CLEAR WATER
Drinking water that TASTES GOOD
Designed for DESALINATION of brackish water or seawater
Provides a PHYSICAL BARRIER to contaminating organisms
Remove 96-98% of DISSOLVED SALTS, MINERALS and METALS
Concentrate from system is WASTE stream
A SIMPLE TDS test to validate
RO has HIGH ENERGY requirement
Best for labs, hospitals or HIGH PURITY applications

18. Questions?
Ron Castle Owner    111 First Avenue NW, Suite 2 Winchester, Tennessee USA Phone FAX Toll Free Mobile and SMS Skype ID roncastle