1. Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilets (UDDTs) Rahul Ingle and Dr
Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilets (UDDTs) Rahul Ingle and Dr. Elisabeth von Münch GIZ Sustainable sanitation – ecosan (
16 July 2011, Bonn

2. The main question
What should sanitation systems be like? (focus in development cooperation: pro-poor, sustainable)
Foto: Florian Erzinger

3. Closing the loop between sanitation and agriculture
FOOD
NUTRIENTS
WATER
NUTRIENTS
WATER
Treatment to destroy pathogens (sanitisation)

4. Sanitation should be seen as a system
Household toilets
Part A
Treatment and storage
Treatment for faeces, greywater, urine
Road-based transport and/or pipes
Part B
Part C
Part D
Reuse (e.g. agriculture)
Sale of fertiliser, compost, irrigation water
Part E
Toilets, showers, baths, sinks, washing machines, …
Crop grown with sanitation products (fertiliser, water)

5. What is the difference between sustainable sanitation and ecosan?
The difference is only very small
Ecosan is sustainable sanitation with a particular emphasis on reuse of nutrients (and water and possibly biogas)

6. Ecological sanitation…
… is not a specific technology, but a new philosophy of dealing with what is presently regarded as waste and wastewater for disposal
… applies the basic natural principal of closing the loop by using modern and safe sanitation and reuse technologies
… employs up a wide range of sanitation options

7. Two principles are often applied in ecosan systems
flow streams with different characteristics are often collected separately (e.g. toilet wastewater separately from rest of the domestic wastewater (=greywater))
the unnecessary dilution of the flow streams is usually avoided (e.g. by using dry, low flush or vacuum)
Example: waterless urinals

8. Sources… Blackwater Urine Yellow water Brown water
Toilette
Faeces
Blackwater
Urine
Yellow water
Brown water
Waschen
Greywater
Baden
Küchen
Domestic wastewater can be divided into a couple of different sources:
urine: called yellowwater, faeces called brownwater
Source: Gulyas, TUHH, 2008 8

9. Characteristics… Greywater ~ 500 l/(p*a) 25.000 -100.000 l/(p*a)
Large volume
Low hygienic risk
Few nutrients
Easy to treat
Urine
~ 500 l/(p*a)
Small volume
Low hygienic risk
Nearly all nutrients
Faeces
~ 50 l/(p*a)
Small volume
High hygienic risk
Carefull treatment required
Faeces: not very pleasant, but volume is small, easier to handle, but be careful, because of hygienic risk, the most dangerous flow.
Some of you might ask yourself, now this girl is talking all the time about separation the flows and not mixing urine and faeces, but how can you do this? For these people I have the answer in my next slide.
Source: Otterpohl, TUHH 9

11. Schematic diagram of Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilet
(can be built as single or double chambered toilets)
Source:

12. Film www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwmt6pB3lcs
This film shows the construction, use and functioning of the UDDT.

13. Examples of urine diverting toilets
Wost-Man, Sweden
Roediger, Germany
Dubletten, Sweden 
Urine-diversion dehydration toilet 
Urine-diversion flush toilet 
Urine-diversion flush toilet
waterless:
Urine-diversion dehydration toilet (UDDT) with area for anal washing 
Shital ceramics,
India

14. Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilet in a school in Lima, Peru
Photos: Heike Hoffmann (Rotaria), 2008
More Details:

15. School UDDT- built under the Ecosan Promotion Project, Kenya
(SIDA, EU, GTZ)
Fotos: Hagen von Bloh, GTZ, 2008

16. Ecosan wants Safe reuse – but how?
Some slides were kindly provided by Blanca Jimenez (Treatment and Reuse Group , Institute of Engineering, UNAM-Mexico), 2007

17. WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater (2006)
Volume 1, Policy and regulatory aspects
Volume 2, Wastewater use in agriculture
Volume 3, Wastewater and excreta use in aquaculture
Volume 4, Excreta and greywater use in agriculture

18. Any Questions?